Keyword: «limited health opportunities»

The article deals with students with disabilities who have various physical and mental disabilities that disrupt their overall development and prevent them from leading a full life, as well as visual tools for their education. The author emphasizes that depending on the nature of the violation, some defects can be completely overcome in the process of development, training and upbringing of the child, others are only smoothed out, and some are only compensated. The complexity and nature of the violation of the normal development of the child determine the features of the formation of necessary knowledge, skills, and various forms of pedagogical work with him.

The article deals with the operations of mental activity, ontogenesis of the development of forms of thinking, types of mathematical tasks for the formation of mental operations of primary school children with disabilities.

The article examines the factors contributing to the education of a culture of behavior and tolerance to peers with disabilities in a modern school, presents the results of an experiment in the preschool department. The formation of a culture of behavior in society is a long and far from simple process. The formation of a person's personality begins in early childhood, in this regard, it is necessary to purposefully educate children in moral qualities, thanks to which the child understands the value of other people, will be able to regulate their actions, and in the future become a highly spiritual member of our society. To achieve these goals, the school administration and teachers need to create psychological and pedagogical conditions through the content of educational subjects and adequate technologies and techniques.

The issues of the formation of social and household skills in children with severe and multiple developmental disabilities are considered, as well as the implementation of programs for children with severe and multiple disabilities through a special individual development program. It is indicated that the relevance of creating a special individual development program is due to: the structure of the violation, educational needs and potential opportunities of students. The possibilities of forming social and household skills in the lessons of home economics and the surrounding social world in children with severe and multiple developmental disorders are described. Definitions are provided – severe and multiple developmental disorders.

Today, issues concerning the rights of people with disabilities are becoming more and more relevant. To create a society of equal opportunities, it is necessary to create an environment where persons with disabilities can take a full part in all spheres of life, including physical activity and sports. Integration of inclusive solutions in the development of modern educational and sports programs is a fundamentally important task that requires the most versatile approaches and the development of universal methodological programs. The relevance of the study is due to the need to create and implement effective integration models that will allow students with disabilities not only to play sports in general groups, but also to socially adapt, increase self-esteem and improve the quality of life. The modern implementation of barrier-free programs and increased attention to inclusion issues presupposes the particular importance of studying this area. The purpose of the scientific article is to analyze the theoretical and practical aspects of integrating students with disabilities and health limitations into physical education and sports (FEaS), as well as to study the impact of inclusion on their self-esteem, socialization and adaptation. As part of the study, modern directions and methods in the field of introducing inclusive programs in general education and sports processes were analyzed; the main theoretical approaches to the problem of integrating persons with disabilities into sports activities and the results of relevant experiments and research on the topic were studied. An experiment was conducted to identify factors that have a decisive impact on the effectiveness of integration and the success of adaptation for students with disabilities in a sports environment. The participants in the experiment were divided into two focus groups: one was engaged in the current methods of teaching FEaS to students with disabilities, the second was engaged in an inclusive environment, together with students without health restrictions. The main results of the study showed a positive impact of inclusion on the self-esteem and socialization of students with disabilities, which is confirmed by statistically significant improvements in the indicators of adaptation to sports and social communication. The theoretical significance of this work lies in the development of the concept of an inclusive approach in sports, which contributes to the scientific understanding of the adaptation of people with different disabilities. Practical significance is reflected in the possibility of applying the results obtained to the development of updated inclusive sports programs and creating a healthy environment for training students from different health groups, which contributes to their full integration into society.