Keyword: «minors»

The article aims to examine the main problems and perspectives of forming such phenomena as the institution of juvenile justice in the Russian Federation. In the world, practice of juvenile justice has found its development and strengthened firmly its positions. For quite a long period the Russian society has been actively discussing the issue of formation and development of the institution of juvenile justice in Russia. The article analyzes Russian draft laws on juvenile justice, considers points of view, both supporters of the juvenile justice institute and its opponents. Particular attention is paid to the concept and types of juvenile justice. The author offered her own definition of this term. Legal recognition of the term of "juvenile justice" in normative documents is also being considered in the article.

The relevance of the studied problem is due to the disappointing statistics of crimes and offenses committed by minors, and more frequent high-profile crimes with manifestations of cruelty not characteristic of them, as well as a significant number of scientific and other publications on the issue being studied, and publications in electronic and print media. We have no a unified approach to legal education in Russia now; students of some educational organizations, at the initiative of regional authorities or teachers, study the basics of legal disciplines more thoroughly in comparison with other students who study law only within specific topics. This approach puts students in unequal positions, it does not contribute to crime prevention, as well as to increasing the general legal socialization of the younger generation. In this regard, it seems appropriate to consider the possibility of developing a unified concept of legal education in Russia. The purpose of this study is to identify existing problems in the implementation of legal education in Russia and to offer recommendations for reducing their negative impact. It is assumed that the goal will be achieved as a result of the analysis of existing trends and measures of legal socialization in Russia; understanding of the historical experience of legal socialization; definition of approaches to the implementation of legal socialization abroad; studying the opinions of students and teachers on the need for legal socialization, and existing problems by means of questionnaires. The main result of the scientific research is to identify the existing problems of implementing legal socialization in Russia and to offer recommendations for reducing the negative impact of its implementation problems at the present stage in Russia, in particular, specific measures that may be included in the Unified Concept of Legal Education. Based on the results of questionnaire answers of students in grades 8–11 of the Sverdlovsk region educational institutions, the main problems in the study of legal disciplines were identified, the main of which was the students' awareness of a lack of legal knowledge. During the study, synthesis, sociological, and analytical methods were used. This study will be useful for both theoretical and practical workers, in particular, for the teachers of junior and senior grades, staffs in the field of education, developing educational programs and standards, law enforcement officers working with minors, and it may also be used for further research and development.

The article discusses the problems of the prevention of suicidal behavior. An attempt is made to summarize the statistical data obtained during the study, to identify the motives and causes of suicidal behavior among minors, as well as to identify the forms and directions of social work with this category of minors.

The article deals with the issues of legal regulation of criminal policy in relation to minors in the Republic of Finland. The legal foundations of the construction of the Finnish system of criminal policy and its manifestation in the current law enforcement practice have been investigated. Finland's juvenile criminal policy contrasts sharply with the experience of other states in this area. Such features make the study of Finnish legislation in the field of juvenile criminal policy an urgent problem.

The article provides an analysis and causes of suicides of minors in the Tavda town district over the past three years, identifies the causes of suicides.