Keyword: «moral values»

The article reveals the features of the formation of moral values in older preschool children, which is an urgent pedagogical problem. The role of folklore in the formation of moral values in children is noted. The paper also describes an empirical study on the formation of moral values in older preschool children. A set of measures is proposed to work on the formation of moral values in children.

This article examines aspects of moral ideas among younger schoolchildren. Diagnosis of moral ideas is an important point in the work of a teacher in the formation and development of a student’s personality. During primary school age, children begin to form their own moral beliefs and ideas about right and wrong. Understanding and evaluating their moral beliefs helps educators, parents, and child development professionals to identify which values and principles they have learned and which aspects require additional work. Moral education involves connection with society, dependence on society, the need to coordinate one's behavior with interests in society, familiarization with moral and rational norms, the transformation of moral knowledge into moral beliefs and the creation of a system of such beliefs, the formation of stable moral feelings and moral qualities.

This article examines the moral education of schoolchildren based on national values, a crucial task in today's world, where globalization and information technology are blurring boundaries. The relevance of this research topic stems from significant changes in the value orientations of today's youth, the lack of clear moral guidelines, and the strategic objective set in Decree No. 309 of the President of the Russian Federation dated May 7, 2024, on nurturing a harmoniously developed, patriotic, and socially responsible individual based on traditional Russian spiritual, moral, cultural, and historical values. A lack of comprehensive research proposing specific mechanisms and technologies for integrating national values into everyday school practice is noted, as well as challenges in implementing educational work, such as formalism and the lack of a methodological framework. The aim of this study is to identify the role of national values in the moral education of schoolchildren and determine the pedagogical conditions for its effective implementation. The study is based on a comprehensive, axiological, historical-pedagogical, and socio-functional methodological approaches. To achieve the stated goals, theoretical methods (analysis and synthesis, comparative analysis, deductive and inductive approaches, classification and systematization) and empirical methods were used. Among the empirical methods, pedagogical observation (to record moral qualities and attitudes toward national values) and anonymous surveys of schoolchildren and teachers (to identify the development of national value orientations and evaluate educational practices) were used. Interviews with parents and a study of student activity products were also conducted. The results of the study demonstrate the effectiveness of using national values for the moral education of schoolchildren. The survey of schoolchildren revealed that schoolchildren value patriotism but are weak in active advocacy and social activism. Teachers are aware of the importance of education, but they consider their methods to be ineffective and need to improve their qualifications. National values form the basis for the moral education of schoolchildren. The theoretical significance of this study lies in its complementarity with existing approaches to the moral education of schoolchildren, systematization of modern views, and highlighting the role of national values in the educational process. The practical significance of this work lies in the fact that its results can be used to develop curricula and extracurricular activities, as well as for teacher training.