Keyword: «orphans»

The article reveals the problems that substitute parents face already at the initial stage of creating such a family, when the motives for adopting an orphan child into a family arise and form. To solve many problems of future and formed substitute families, social support is organized, which is aimed at comprehensive assistance and support of these families. The author presents the experience of the Service for the placement of children in the family «Tatiana» (Department of Social Protection of the population of the administration of the Valuysky city district of the Belgorod region).

The article considers the relevance of the problem of preparing orphans and children left without parental care for independent life and the difficulties they face in this process, as well as a brief description of modern technologies for preparing this category of children for independent life.

The article discusses the process of emergence of assistance to orphans in Russia. The author traces changes in the forms of assistance to children left without parental care, the emergence of new paradigms of assistance and their development in historical retrospect. From the intra-clan assistance of the Slavic tribes, to Peter I, who laid the foundations for state assistance to children, and Catherine II, under whom it finally took shape. The activity of the Moscow Imperial Orphanage is considered. It is a unique institution for orphans for its time. The maintenance of children in it included not only food and clothing, but also teaching them the craft.

The article discusses the problems of forming ideas about a healthy lifestyle among graduates of orphanages schools, since health is the most important resource that contributes to their successful adaptation to independent life. The directions and forms of work on the formation of health-saving behavior at different stages of support for graduates are considered. The results of a survey of graduates are presented, indicating that they have formed certain ideas about various aspects of a healthy lifestyle. However, their actual behavior does not always agree with these ideas, which requires continued work in this direction at the stage of post-boarding adaptation.

The problem of identifying and eliminating deficiencies in the organization of work on social adaptation of boarding institutions graduates is solved. The effectiveness of including the resource potential of non-profit organizations in the process of post-boarding school adaptation is noted. A proposal is made to implement supported employment based on an analysis of the experience of non-profit organizations in the Smolensk region. The main directions and forms of work of the mentor providing support are determined.