Keyword: «subjectivity»

The article discusses the development of initiative in older preschool children in the context of the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard for Pre-School Education and the Federal State Educational Standard for Pre-School and Primary Education. The concept of «initiative in older preschool children» is defined as an integrative personality quality that manifests itself in independence, activity, and a conscious attitude towards goals and results. The article substantiates the pedagogical potential of volunteer activities for the development of initiative. The article presents a model and a partial program called «Young Volunteers,» which includes a target, content, and organizational section, as well as social design and support technologies. The article reveals the organizational and pedagogical conditions for the effectiveness of the process (orientation-targeted, resource, socio-psychological, etc.). The results of the experiment confirm the positive dynamics in the development of the components of initiative in children of the experimental groups.

This article examines the development of student subjectivity as a fundamental condition for the development of their academic autonomy. Based on an analysis of modern pedagogical theories (self-determination, constructivism) and empirical data, a contradiction is revealed between the traditional reproductive model of education and the demands of the digital economy, which place on graduates as agents of their own educational trajectory. A classification of didactic strategies (reflexive-semantic, project-based, and environmental) is proposed, aimed at transforming the student's position from an object of pedagogical influence to an agent of their own development.