Keyword: «older preschool age»

The author conducts a theoretical analysis of the prerequisites for studying the characteristics of anxiety in frequently ill children of preschool age. It is concluded that the frequent diseases aggravate the physical and mental development of the child, determining the emergence of a number of features of the social situation of the older preschooler, among which the central characteristic is its deficiency (restrictions in the usual way of life on communicating with peers, role-playing game, as well as limitations of motor and cognitive activity).

The changes taking place everywhere require the ability to have non-standard, creative thinking, the skill to solve complex problems quickly, as well as to adapt to rapidly changing conditions. In this regard, the society is forming a socio-economic demand for the formation of a creatively active imagination from an early age. In response to this highly relevant request, the influence of imagination on the development and formation of the child's personality, including his aggressiveness, is more and more discussed in the pedagogical literature. The purpose of the study: to identify the influence of imagination on the aggressiveness of older preschoolers and to substantiate the methods of its pedagogical correction. Research stages: search and preparation (the psychological and pedagogical literature on the research problem was studied; methods and techniques for further empirical study were selected); experiment (selection of an experimental site – educational institution Kindergarten No. 332, Chelyabinsk); selection of participants in the experiment and their preparation (n = 65); measures were worked out for conducting an ascertaining experiment; control and generalization - the results were interpreted according to P. Torrance's method of identifying the level of imagination "Draw a picture" and the method of diagnosing aggressive behavior by O. Ilenko; mathematical and statistical processing of the results was carried out using rs-coefficient of Spearman's rank correlation. As a result, it was found that 25% of preschoolers have a high level of imagination and 25% have a low level of aggressiveness in behavior; 60% have an average level of imagination and 60% - an average level of aggressiveness in behavior; 15% have a low level of imagination and 15% - a high level of aggressiveness in behavior. The calculation of the Spearman's coefficient confirmed a significant relationship between imagination and the level of aggressive behavior in older preschoolers. The novelty of the study can be seen in the original sample of preschoolers, in the time of their special development during the COVID-19 pandemic, in the selection of methods for studying the problem. In addition, there were no exceptions in the sample caused by childhood psychopathology and functional disorders, which are predicted by irritability of preschool age. The main conclusions are combined into two groups, and they are reflected in the selection of existing methodological recommendations for teachers and parents: firstly, this is a clarification of the conclusions about social interaction, and secondly, this is a clarification of the conclusions about preventive measures and pedagogical correction of aggressiveness in preschool age children. The provisions relating to the issues of correcting the imagination and aggressive behavior of preschoolers took a special place in the process of compiling recommendations.

Preschool education is assigned a task not only to form ideas in children and develop their skills and abilities, but also to ensure the ability and readiness to live in modern society, achieve socially significant goals, interact effectively and solve life problems. The purpose of the study was to identify the organizational and pedagogical conditions for the development of communicative abilities of children aged 6–7 years in the process of using a Lego set. The leading research methods were: analysis, synthesis, comparison and generalization of psychological and pedagogical research works and methodological literature on the research problem, pedagogical experiment, method of mathematical statistics – G-criterion of signs. As a result of the study, the structure of communicative abilities was revealed, which includes three key components – cognitive, behavioral and emotional, in accordance with which the criteria and indicators for the development of communicative abilities of older preschoolers are determined, and the levels of their development (initial, normative and advanced) are characterized taking into account the peculiarities of communicative abilities development among children of senior preschool age. The development of communication skills can be considered as an accompanying task of any additional education program, including technical one. Thus, two areas are combined in the course of the implementation of the additional general educational (general developmental) program "Lego-city" within the framework of the study: teaching the basics of constructing using a Lego set and developing communication skills. The theoretical significance lies in the definition and characterization of the component structure of the communicative abilities of older preschool children. The practical significance lies in the selection and experimental testing of diagnostic tools, presented in two series (for children and educators), to identify the level of communicative abilities development among older preschool children; working out and testing the program for the development of communicative abilities of older preschool age children in the process of "Lego-city" construction with the use of a Lego set. The study may be relevant for the teachers of preschool and additional education, as well as for students of pedagogical areas of training.