Evgeniya V. Valiyllina

The Stroop interference effect implies a slowdown in human reaction when reading words with the name of a color if the font color does not match the meaning. The paper presents a brief overview of scientific publications on the issues of the emergence of the Stroop effect and the problems of interference phenomena. A study was conducted to study the influence of the level of concentration and selectivity of attention on the Stroop interference effect. The results showed that the Stroop effect occurs at any values of concentration and selectivity of attention. At low rates of these properties of attention, interference is significantly greater than at high values, but the time required to complete the task by individuals with a high level of concentration and selectivity of attention is longer.

The paper attempts to characterize the Dunning-Kruger effect from the point of view of the psychological content of socially conditioned cognitive errors (distortions). The Dunning-Kruger effect is understood as the tendency of people with a low level of competence to make erroneous conclusions and wrong decisions, but unable to realize this due to the low level of their competence. A study was conducted in order to specify the psychological content of the effect. The results showed that the psychological characteristics that contribute to the manifestation of the Dunning-Kruger effect include inflated self-esteem and anticipatory inadequacy of the individual.

The relevance of studying the psychological support of individual’s organizational abilities is due to their demand in many areas of life. Organizational abilities are understood as the psychological properties of a person, which are to ensure the success of organizational activities. The study was conducted in order to examine the influence of some psychological properties on the organizational abilities of an individual. The results showed significant positive relationship between organizational abilities and the realization of the need for self-development, the perception of social support from «significant others» and the time component of the individual’s anticipatory competence.

The relevance of studying conflict behavior, ways of responding to conflicts and the ability to resolve conflict situations is due to the importance of the communication skills formation and personal self-regulation development. The study was conducted in order to examine the influence of an increased level of rigidity on the choice of behavior styles in conflict. The pronounced rigidity of the person influences the choice of passive strategies for resolving conflict situations. A person with increased indicators of mental rigidity is least likely to use the rivalry style among the active methods of responding to a conflict.

Depression is a common affective disorder, and disturbances in the emotional sphere in this pathology are obvious. Emotionality acts as a psychological property of a person; recent studies have made it possible to determine the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of this virtue. In order to study the relationship between the characteristics of emotionality and the manifestations of depression at a young age, a study was conducted. In the course of the work, it was revealed that the somatic manifestations of depression are more pronounced with increased emotional excitability and significant negative influence of emotions; the cognitive-affective characteristics of depression can be determined by the general level of emotional excitability of the individual.