Keyword: «attachment»

The article deals with the problems of child-parent relations, presented in the theories of mental development in foreign psychology. The main attention is paid to the concepts of Z. Freud, A. Adler, E. Erickson, J. Bowlby, who had a certain influence on the ideas about the relationship between parents and children in the family as an important factor in the development of the child's psyche. As shown, psychologically dangerous is the violation of deep connections in child-parent relations and alienation caused by a lack of attention and respect of parents in interaction with their children. Excessive guardianship or rejection on the part of parents can contribute to the formation of an inferiority complex in a child. If parents overindulge their children, indulge in everything, children may develop a sense of inferiority, inability to overcome difficult life problems. Parental neglect of children, their rejection leads to the fact that children have an uncertainty that they are loved and can appreciate them. Caring, consistent and predictable communication between the mother and the child creates the basis for a sense of identity, faith in yourself and the world around you. In this process, the mother's confidence in the correctness of her actions is important. The first signs of trust in the mother are the behavior of the child, who does not experience excessive anxiety when she is removed. As a result of establishing a balance between trust and distrust, a positive quality of the Ego appears – hope, faith in the fulfillment of one's desires. The mother's display of sensitivity and responsiveness contributes to the formation of a reliable and intense attachment, gives the child a sense of security and security, promotes the development of social skills, behavioral and communicative competence. Violations in the formation of child-parent relationships can create the basis for the development of a neurotic personality.

In recent decades, one can observe the popularity of the concept of well-being, which represents a full and satisfied life for the individual, a special kind of attitude towards oneself and the environment. Well-being is often associated with physical vitality, mental activity, social support and satisfaction, self-realization, both in personal and professional spheres. This is considered an alternative to a negative way of thinking, destructive defense mechanisms and an inappropriate lifestyle. Social well-being as an important part of well-being is related to our relationships with other people and our sense of security associated with the environment in which we live.

The article presents the results of a study of the characteristics of the emotional and value component of the Self-concept among students with different types of emotional attachment to their mother. Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that there is a relationship between the level of self-attitude and self-esteem of students and the type of their attachment. Significant differences in the emotional and value component of the Self–concept of students with reliable and unreliable types of attachment are revealed. Students with secure attachment, compared to students with unreliable attachment, are characterized by a more positive self-attitude and higher self-esteem.

The article raises the issue of ensuring the social adaptation of primary school students. It substantiates the need to study the causes of increased anxiety among primary school students and to study the family history of the child in a tolerant manner. The authors suggest that the primary cause is the trauma of attachment that occurs within the family system between the child and the mother. This trauma can be exacerbated in the school environment, where the teacher acts as an adult who requires compliance with certain social rules and evaluates and imparts knowledge, values, and experiences. The article emphasizes the need to investigate all aspects of the trauma of attachment in primary school relationships.

The article presents empirical research results on the relationship between attachment patterns and somatic adaptation levels in middle-aged women. Women with low somatic adaptation demonstrate disorganized attachment characterized by simultaneously high avoidance and anxiety in relationships, increased frustration, ambivalence and clinging behavior. The revealed differences show high statistical significance and indicate the necessity of comprehensive psychological support considering mutual influence of bodily self-perception and emotional bonds quality.