Keyword: «educational reforms»

The article examines the transformation of the education system in Russia during the era of Peter the Great, characterized by the transition from church control to state administration and secularization. The reasons and consequences of the reforms and their impact on the formation of a new educational policy are analyzed.

The relevance of this study stems from the need to analyze the specific features of the development of the education system in the Republic of Chad in the context of socio-economic instability, demographic growth, and pronounced linguistic diversity. The country’s education sector faces a number of structural constraints affecting both access to education and its quality, which necessitates a systematic scientific examination within the framework of contemporary transformation processes. The aim of the article is to identify and analytically interpret the key features of the functioning and development of the education system in the Republic of Chad at the present stage. The study is based on a descriptive-analytical approach, which makes it possible to consider the education system as an integral structure shaped by a set of interrelated socio-economic and institutional factors. The methodological framework includes the analysis of statistical data, international analytical reports, regulatory documents, and scientific publications related to the development of education. The article examines the institutional structure of the education system, the linguistic specificity of the educational process, issues of teacher training and staffing, as well as the impact of ongoing reforms on access to education. The main findings indicate that the development of education in the Republic of Chad is characterized by a combination of expanding educational coverage and the persistence of significant regional and social disparities. Particular importance is attached to teacher training, the modernization of educational infrastructure, and the adaptation of educational policy to multilingual environment. The theoretical significance of the study lies in refining the understanding of the educational systems’ development under conditions of limited resources and complex socio-cultural structures. The practical significance consists in the possibility of applying the findings in the development of educational policy and decision-making processes aimed at improving the effectiveness of the education system in the Republic of Chad.