Keyword: «secularization»

The author analyzes the problems of the modern individual consciousness and the possibility of the new understanding of the meaning and purpose of human life.

The paper deals with the relationship between the human spiritual life and external public forms of social organization. The importance of the fact that statehood in history arises precisely as a religious phenomenon is noted, the logic of its secularization is traced. The Christian understanding of the relationship between the Kingdom of God and the Kingdom of Caesar, which determines the development of European civilization as an ideal, is revealed.

The article examines the transformation of the education system in Russia during the era of Peter the Great, characterized by the transition from church control to state administration and secularization. The reasons and consequences of the reforms and their impact on the formation of a new educational policy are analyzed.