Keyword: «phraseological unit»

The article discusses phraseological units with components –names of color: black and white. An attempt was made to present the diversity of the semantics of phraseological units with each of the two colors, to describe the types of relations between the cultural component of phraseological units and the component-name of the color. Patterns of manifestation of the meanings of each color and the presence or absence of contrast in the semantics are revealed.

The article discusses some mechanisms of generating phraseological units from the currents of view of cognitive processes. At the same time, the features of the meaning of phraseological units as a linguistic unit are taken into account, in the structure of the meaning of which the presence of connotation is a relevant sign. Of particular importance for updating the meaning of the phraseological unit is the national-cultural component of the semantics of phraseological units. That is why the important aspects in this article were the question of the influence of the national-cultural connotation on the generation of the phraseological unit.

The article analyzes the semantics of black nominations in the linguistic and paremiological systems of the Yakut and other Turkic languages. Black nominations, acting as a definition for pejorative words in phraseological units, serve as a means of intensifying negative evaluativeness, as well as expressiveness of expression. A positive or negative assessment of phraseological units with a component named for the color is actualized not only explicitly, but also through the lexical-semantic opposition of words denoting achromatic colors. An important role in the mechanism and process of acquiring the estimated value of phraseological units is also played by the cultural connotations of the name of the color.

The article considers phraseological units as integral components of the language personality of an opposition politician. It was revealed that phraseological units are used by the opposition politician in appeals to the addressee, where they create an atmosphere of easy dialogue and reduce the distance between the author and the addressee. In addition, phraseological units act as a means of self-irony, conveying to the addressee information about the author as about an ordinary emotional person. Used for a negative assessment of political opponents, phraseological units allow a politician to create ironic, contemptuous, offensive characteristics of the actions and personalities of political opponents. It is concluded that phraseological units are important components of the linguistic personality of an opposition politician.

The article deals with the identification of mental differences among speakers of different European languages that allows to characterise the linguistic picture of the world of a particular people, its way of thinking and perception of reality. Identification of these differences is carried out on the example of phraseological units having a different de-gree of abstraction of the semantic structure. The proverbs and sayings were chosen as the units that characterise the way of thinking of native speakers the most brightly and clearly.