Keyword: «punishment»

The article is devoted to the evolution of criminal responsibility for crimes against property in Russia. The author analyzes the history of the development of Russian legislation, noting the change of approach to the differentiation of the legislator responsible for crimes against property.

The importance of the use of compulsory educational measures to juvenile offenders due to the fact that the involvement of criminal responsibility is not only necessary to correct them, but also can harm their moral development. This is due to the fact that a criminal record is a consequence of engaging a minor to criminal prosecution and punishment applied to him, it leads to stigmatization of teen and makes it difficult to re-socialization and involvement penitentiary often leads to absorption of minor rules of the criminal subculture.

The article reveals the influence of the Cheka on the establishment of a punitive policy in the early years of the Soviet regime. The author analyzes legal acts regulating this sphere of public relations, archival documents, and scientific works dealing with the same subject. It is noted that the influence of the Cheka went beyond the tasks entrusted to this body, which was largely due to their importance in terms of preserving and strengthening Soviet statehood, as well as F. Dzerzhinsky’s authority. In general, the general vector of the Cheka influence is characterized as rigidly repressive, with a predominance of goal setting over the content of the working methods.

The article reveals the features of the initial period in the process of formation of theoretical views on the institution of criminal punishment in Russia. It is noted that the origins of Russian legal thought on this matter should be referred to the related reasoning of Peter I in his interpretations of legal acts texts. The study of this problem was gradually becoming more active since the second half of the XVIII century, it was reflected in the "Mandate" of Catherine II, the works of S. E. Desnitsky, A. N. Radishchev and other thinkers who were more philosophical than legal in nature and bore the imprint of European culture. The full-fledged scientific works of Russian jurists appeared at the beginning of the nineteenth century (I. E. Neuman, O. G. Goreglyad, L. A. Tsvetaev, and others), where the research subject on various aspects of criminal punishment was expanded. In general, the ideas developed at that time are still relevant and form the basis of modern concepts about criminal punishment in the sphere of legal relations.

The article is devoted to the study of Beccaria's legal views, which were reflected in his works. The main work was the study of the treatise "On crimes and punishments", which is one of the most famous works of the Italian thinker. The author also describes the provisions of the works of CH. Beccaria, reflected in the modern criminal and criminal procedure legislation of the Russian Federation.