Keyword: «tobolsk»

This article discusses the history of preschool education in Tobolsk. The author describes the step-by-step formation of preschool education from the pre-revolutionary period to the present day.

The article deals with the life of P.P. Ershov. Emphasis is placed on the interaction of P. P. Ershov with V.A. Artsimovich. The activity as director of the Tobolsk provincial gymnasium is revealed.

In a broad sense, the Tobolsk Kremlin is understood as a complex of structures on the Troitsky Cape, including the centers of secular and spiritual authorities enclosed by walls: the Kremlin itself in the western part and the Sophia Court in the eastern part. It is also customary to refer to the Kremlin a detached building of Gostiny Dvor. The fortress walls of the Kremlin in the narrow sense, that is, the enclosure of secular power in the western part, have not been preserved. Because of this, confusion arises even among researchers, who often call the kremlin only the enclosure of the Sophia Court together with the Gostiny Dvor. This historiographical article contains and analyzes works that raise the issue of the kremlin walls of Tobolsk to one degree or another: generalizing monographs on the cities of Siberia and specifically Tobolsk, the history of stone construction in the region, archaeological research on the territory of the Tobolsk Kremlin, historical and architectural articles. A comparison of the data given in the now classic works of V. I. Kochedamov with new sources published later made it possible to clarify a number of the researcher's data. These include the dates of laying and completion of the construction of the fourth and fifth wooden fortress walls of Tobolsk. In general, the historiographic analysis of the works showed that the fortress walls of the Tobolsk Kremlin are still very poorly studied. They have clearly received insufficient attention in generalizing monographs. Archaeological and historical-architectural researches are concentrated on the enclosures of the Sophia and Gostiny Dvors, but bypass or touch only in passing on the kremlin walls proper. The author of this article believes that the most striking gaps in the study of the Tobolsk Kremlin are the lack of precisely established dates for the start and completion of the construction of both the enclosures of the Sophia Court and the kremlin walls themselves, as well as the lack of publications of archival inventories of the Tobolsk Kremlin, which could give an idea of the appearance and design of defensive walls.

Based on the analysis of archival sources, the activities of the Soviet institutions of the city of Tobolsk, created for the Siberian Tatar population, are revealed. The chronological framework of the work is due to the fact that it was during this period that Tatar institutions functioned in the city – a school, a pedagogical college, a library, a club, a kindergarten, an orphanage. The location of the institutions and the names of their leaders have been established. Speaking about the national comprehensive school of the city of Tobolsk, the article traces the stages of its development: a unified labor school of the 1st stage – a 7–year school, a school of collective farm youth, a secondary school. For the first time, the article pays attention to the creation and functioning of a kindergarten and orphanages. It is noted that the appearance of the kindergarten was due to a change in the social role of the Siberian Tatar women of the city. It was established that the first orphanage in Tobolsk was intended for Tatar children from the Volga region, and another institution worked for orphans of the indigenous population (1930-1955). The article pays special attention to the activities of the Tobolsk Tatar Pedagogical College (1934-1955), which occupied an important place among the educational institutions of the city and district, providing teaching staff to all national schools in the region. Another important function of the educational institution is the formation of the intelligentsia from among the Siberian Tatars. The educational and ideological role of the library, specially created for the indigenous population of the city of Tobolsk, is shown. The forms of the library's work, its interaction with other national institutions of the city – the school and the club – are considered. As a result, the author came to the conclusion that these institutions were designed to radically change the worldview of people based on a new, socialist ideology and culture, to promote the education of a new type of person. The authorities' consideration of ethnic specifics, the preservation of the principle of teaching and upbringing in their native language, made it possible to solve the tasks relatively painlessly.

Based on a comparison of data from Siberian chronicles, office documents, archaeological, cartographic and pictorial sources, the history of the oldest church in Tobolsk – Trinity – is presented. The preserved information allows us to describe the circumstances of its construction and multiple reconstructions during the period from the end of the XVI century to the end of the XVIII century. At the foundation of Tobolsk, it was the first church founded in the town. Historical sources make it possible to determine the approximate location of the Trinity Church within the city limits, which has changed several times. For the 20s of the XVII century. it is possible to get an idea of the most striking items of church utensils that were in the temple. By the 1670s. There were two Trinity churches in the upper town. The Trinity Church at Gostiny Dvor and the Trinity Church in the Metropolitan courtyard coexisted. At the end of the XVII century . Trinity Church was one of the earliest stone buildings built of brick. Based on the comparison of images of the stone Trinity Church presented on the pages of «Sluzhebnaya kniga», «Horograficheskaya kniga», «CHertezhnaya kniga» authored by S.U. Remezov, an attempt is made to describe its main architectural features, which allows us to create an approximate graphic reconstruction of this building. Such an analysis with a description was made for the first time, which complements the novelty of the research done. It is suggested that in the first half of the XVIII century. the temple could undergo a significant restructuring, which significantly changed its architecture. In general, the presented results are the first work summarizing data from sources of various origins about the Tobolsk Trinity Church in the specified period.