Keyword: «tobolsk»

The article attempts to present a social and professional portrait of Latin language teachers in secular educational institutions in Western Siberia during the reforms of Russian secondary education in the 60s–80s 18th–first quarter of the 19th centuries, which resulted in the establishment of the system of classical European education in Russian gymnasiums. The author gives characteristics of the first Latin language teachers at the Tobolsk Main Public School and its successor, the Tobolsk Men's Classical Gymnasium in the period from 1789 to 1828. Attention is paid to the social origin of the Latin language teachers, their professional competencies, family and social status, changes in the social status and material conditions of life, their interaction with the local population. As a result of the investigation, the author concludes that, in comparison with the European provinces of Russia, the speed of implementation of the reforms of classical education in Western Siberia was slower. Regional West Siberian reasons for lagging behind the all-Russian course of reforms are identified: poor professional and pedagogical training of teachers, lack of opportunities for self-education, low salaries, insufficient social security, difficult living conditions for many teachers. A negative role was also played by the absence in most cases of personal motivation of gymnasium students and their parents to receive higher education at Russian universities. The novelty of this study is given by the use as sources of unpublished and published archival data on the history of the Main Public School and the Tobolsk Classical Gymnasium of the late 18th – first quarter of the 19th centuries. (reports of directors and teachers, orders of the trustees of the educational district and ministers of education, historical notes on the anniversaries of the gymnasium), as well as personal documents – memoirs and personal correspondence of teachers.

This study was prepared in the year of the celebration of the 435th anniversary of Tobolsk. It contains information on the history of the construction of the stone city – the Tobolsk Kremlin. The author, through the analysis of studies of Italianisms in Russian defense architecture, tried to identify traces of their indirect influence on the constructive solutions of the building elements of the Tobolsk Kremlin. To do this, he turned to works on the history of Russian defense architecture: F.F. Laskovsky, N.V. Sultanova, V.A. Bogusevich, V.V. Yakovleva, M.I. Milchik, K.S. Nosova and others. To discuss the features of the architecture of the unique monument of defense architecture in Siberia – the Tobolsk Kremlin, the works of both historians of the Soviet era and modern times were analyzed: V.I. Kochedamova, V.V. Kirillova, S.P. Zavarikhina, S.V. Kopylova, A.A. Adamova, I.V. Balyunova, P.G. Danilova, E.P. Zagvazdin, Ya.G. Zagvazdina and others. The author comes to the conclusion that the architect of the Tobolsk Kremlin, S.U. Remezov, experienced European innovations in the field of defense architecture during his stay in Moscow. Recognizes the indirect influence of Italian traditions on the architecture of the Tobolsk Kremlin, among which the following elements were noted: the towers of Gostiny Dvor and the walls of Sofiysky Dvor, decorated with a "swallowtail", an arcade in the inner part of the walls of the Kremlin, loopholes of sole fighting, machicolations on the towers of Gostiny Dvor, gers on the western gates of Gostiny Dvor and in the projected Spassky Gates, and possibly the vaulted ceiling of one of the levels of the towers of Gostiny Dvor. He suggests that the use of double gates – for entry and pedestrian, are an echo of Italian influence on domestic defense architecture. He considers the similarity of the project of the Dmitrievsky Gate with the Sukharev Tower of the Moscow and the Front Gates of the Kolomna Kremlin to be indisputable. He notes that the fortifications of the Tobolsk Kremlin according to the project were not completed, already in the second half of the 18th century they became obsolete and did not meet the requirements of fortification. Therefore, the further maintenance of such a fortress was burdensome.

The article considers one of the most interesting objects of Tobolsk, which in the near future may become one of the iconic places of the city and its surroundings in terms of demand and attendance by tourists, both local and visitors from other regions and foreign countries. Already today it offers visitors a wide range of services and experiences: historical, architectural, natural, landscape, botanical, educational, etc. The possibility of organizing industrial practices for students of biological, landscape, tourist and other directions in it, reconstruction of historical events taking place at this place during the "Capture of Siberia", creation of virtual museum expositions related to Ermak and the development of Siberia is not excluded. In our opinion, such a step as the organization of a museum of Siberia here at the origins of Siberia is possible., or the Ermak Museum.

The article discusses the experience of using the plan of Tobolsk in 1806, compiled by land surveyor V. Filimonov, in the implementation of historical and archaeological research. In 2018, during the historical and cultural examination of the land plots allocated for water supply in the foothills of the city, the plan was used to assess the state and nature of the distribution of the cultural layer in the 17th – 19th centuries. For this, the digital linkage was made of the 1806 plan to the modern city plan using the MapInfo geodetic system. Comparison showed that the absence of an early cultural layer in some of surveyed sites (for example, on 1st Sovetskaya St.) is consistent with the plan of V. Filimonov, in which they went beyond residential quarters. The southern sections of the survey (2-ya Trudovaya St., 2nd Rechnaya St.) on the 1806 plan were located in close proximity to the coastline, which suggests that the Irtysh was closer to these streets than now. The state of the cultural layer on in this region suggests that the settlement of this part of Tobolsk occurred quite late – at the end of the 20th century. For the upland part of the city, the comparison of modern buildings with the plan of the beginning of the XIX century. Allowed us to consider the hypothesis about one of reasons for the destruction of the house on the street Oktyabrskaya, 55. Analysis showed that the line of the defensive rampart and the moat of 1688 ran where the northern wing of the structure is located. According to our version, one of the reasons for such a catastrophic situation could be the laying of foundation over a covered moat. Uneven shrinkage of the filling of the moat could cause destruction of building structures.

The article considers the factors influencing the professional choice of applicants. The authors discussed the problem of aging of teaching staff in the whole country, in the region and in particular in Tobolsk. Using ROSSTAT statistics and HSE analysis, we tried to show the influence of the factors of choosing a profession on the development of the personnel problem depending on the regions. The authors noted the need to take this dependence into account when building career guidance work. They proposed the possibility of using the resources of the Museum of Public Education of the Tyumen region in conducting career guidance work by the university.