Anastasiya Gylenko

The strategy of modern primary school as an institution of public education is the process of development and, in large part, self-development of students as subjects and objects of education. The main vectors that should be implemented in the education system in the current conditions include the fundamentalization of education, as well as the identification of the main components of school subjects and the subsequent finding of relationships between them. The purpose of this work is to develop, theoretically substantiate and implement a model for the formation of the independent work skills for primary school students in Russian language lessons. The sources that served as the basis for this work include works on the methodology and philosophy of research in the field of psychology and pedagogy, which describe various degrees of human personality formation in modern conditions. The theoretical basis included also the works on the development of skills and creative abilities, mainly their structure and the conditions necessary for their appearance and improvement. Theoretical significance of the study – the essence of "formation" and "skill" concepts has been clarified; analysis of the "skill" concept in the interpretation of various authors has been made and presented. The clarification of the definition of "skill" is proposed: 1) the ability to perform consciously a simple action, which becomes automatic through constant training; 2) relatively independent activity, brought to automatism by constant repetition, which has become such due to a combination of those qualities that are one of the conditions necessary for this activity. The practical significance of the study is in finding and structuring the methods, techniques and means of developing the skills of independent work for primary school students in accordance with the types of independent work. The authors developed a model for the formation of the independent work skills for primary school students in Russian language lessons; they worked out the practical material on the formation of the independent work skills for primary school students. The results of the study can be used in the educational process of secondary schools, in the process of preparing future teachers for professional activity. This article examines the formation of independent work skills in primary school students as part of the Russian language study on the basis of the model developed and tested in practice, which includes the following elements: methodological, targeted, content, organizational, activity-oriented and results evaluated ones. This model of developing independent work skills can be recommended for use in the process of teaching primary school students in order to improve the effectiveness of the educational work of teachers.

The article presents and structures the means for the formation of the didactic environment at the lessons at primary school based on the analysis of psychological and educational literature. Theoretical and practical results of the research on revealing and increasing the level of independence of junior schoolchildren based on creating didactic environment, which includes didactic, intellectual and developing games. The empirical basis of the article is a natural pedagogical experiment on the formation of independence of junior schoolchildren, testing of schoolchildren based on diagnostic techniques.