Sergei Denisev

At present, educational institutions of higher professional education of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia work persistently to form and expand their own external and internal practice-oriented environment, improve the quality of educational programs, and give the educational process a practice-oriented direction. At the same time, there is a need to analyze the effectiveness of the measures taken in order to identify problems and advance new promising areas of work. The purpose of this article is to define the problems of practice-oriented education at higher school institutions of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia based on theoretical analysis. The research methodological base consisted of: systematic approach in vocational education, personality-oriented, reflective activity-oriented, and competence-based approaches. Based on the analysis of literature and the reflection of his own experience, the author obtained the following results: the internal and external practice-oriented environment of educational organizations of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia is at a fairly high level, which is the most important organizational and pedagogical condition for the teacher to implement the opportunities of the practice-oriented approach; competence model of the graduate is not yet fully formed, which, from the point of view of didactics, leads to a loss of goal-setting of training, gaps in the content of training, in a system for assessing the activity component. It is necessary to develop a specialist model taking into account the forecast of changes in the professional field; there is a need for scientific modeling of the process of forming professional and professionally specialized competences of narrow specialties of cadets in higher educational institutions of the FPS, based on contextual learning technology. The theoretical significance of the article lies in identifying and substantiating the problems of practice-oriented education at higher educational institutions of the FPS. The practical significance lies in the fact that it is aimed at improving the professional training of cadets at higher educational institutions of the FPS. Based on the results of the article, it is possible to adjust educational technologies at higher educational institutions of the FPS.

The use of innovative technologies and approaches, increasing the number and technical complexity of the equipment being introduced in institutions of penitentiary system, involves the provision of guard and control forces by highly qualified specialists who have practical skills to use modern engineering and technical means of guard and control (hereinafter, ETMGC). At the same time, the problems of training in modern ETMGC in educational institutions of the Federal Penitentiary Service (FPS), including the possibility of practice-oriented teaching methods applying, are not actually researched. Today, learning ETMGC in the system of professional education of the FPS of Russia is based on the didactic triad "knowledge – abilities – skills", the main attention is paid to the assimilation of knowledge that does not fully meet the requirements of practice. This is confirmed by the results of the penitentiary system bodies and institutions heads questioning and Russian FPS analytical reviews, indicating that the quality control of ETMGC technical services, coordination of the reserve groups with the use of ETMGC for the suppression of offences remain poor. One of the reasons for these shortcomings is low capacity for evaluation of technical condition and using modern ETMGC - indicating, in its turn, inefficiency in the process of engineering competence formation among future personnel of the penitentiary system - trainees of higher education institutions of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia. The purpose of this article is to determine the pedagogical conditions providing efficiency increase of practice-oriented learning ETMGC in the higher education institutions of the FPS on the base of theoretical analysis. Methodological base of the research was as following: system approach in vocational education, personal-oriented approach; reflective-activity approach, transdisciplinary approach, use of active forms in professional training. On the base of literature analysis, his own experience reflection, the author outlines four pedagogical conditions necessary for the implementation of practice-oriented learning of modern engineering and technical means of guard and control at higher education institutions of the FPS. Obtained results may be used in practice by higher education institutions managers and the specialized departments in learning ETMGC.