Keyword: «teaching technology»

At present, educational institutions of higher professional education of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia work persistently to form and expand their own external and internal practice-oriented environment, improve the quality of educational programs, and give the educational process a practice-oriented direction. At the same time, there is a need to analyze the effectiveness of the measures taken in order to identify problems and advance new promising areas of work. The purpose of this article is to define the problems of practice-oriented education at higher school institutions of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia based on theoretical analysis. The research methodological base consisted of: systematic approach in vocational education, personality-oriented, reflective activity-oriented, and competence-based approaches. Based on the analysis of literature and the reflection of his own experience, the author obtained the following results: the internal and external practice-oriented environment of educational organizations of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia is at a fairly high level, which is the most important organizational and pedagogical condition for the teacher to implement the opportunities of the practice-oriented approach; competence model of the graduate is not yet fully formed, which, from the point of view of didactics, leads to a loss of goal-setting of training, gaps in the content of training, in a system for assessing the activity component. It is necessary to develop a specialist model taking into account the forecast of changes in the professional field; there is a need for scientific modeling of the process of forming professional and professionally specialized competences of narrow specialties of cadets in higher educational institutions of the FPS, based on contextual learning technology. The theoretical significance of the article lies in identifying and substantiating the problems of practice-oriented education at higher educational institutions of the FPS. The practical significance lies in the fact that it is aimed at improving the professional training of cadets at higher educational institutions of the FPS. Based on the results of the article, it is possible to adjust educational technologies at higher educational institutions of the FPS.

The relevance of the problem under study is related to the increase in the number of children with autism spectrum disorders. Speech disorders in children of this category are one of the patterns of their development. The aim of the study: to develop and test the author's original technology for teaching speech comprehension to preschoolers with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). The theoretical and methodological foundation of this work was based on the works of both domestic and international scholars in the fields of correctional education and special education. Research methods: theoretical (examination and analysis of psychological and pedagogical literature, analysis, generalization and systematization of information), empirical. The study was conducted on the basis of the Child Development Center No.2 (kindergarten No. 120 of the compensatory type), the Center for Psychological, Pedagogical and Social Support, and "Tula kindergarten for children with disabilities" in Tula. A total of 25 older preschool children with ASD participated in the study. The diagnostic program of the study included N.M.Trubnikova's comprehensive methodology (examination of speech comprehension in preschool children), which contains the following criteria: a) understanding the nominative side of speech; b) understanding sentences; c) understanding grammatical forms. According to the data obtained, the level of speech comprehension in children with ASD is at a low level. Preschoolers do not fully understand the qualities and effects of objects and have difficulty identifying them based on descriptions. They comply with requests partially, but sometimes forget or change the procedure. In addition, they do not understand the singular and plural forms of nouns, prepositions. Children are negative about assignments, they are not interested, they are absent-minded. They are very rarely active and often need assistance from an adult in the form of repeated instructions. The novelty of the research consists in the development of an author's original teaching technology containing didactic and stimulating materials that contribute to the visualization of the presented information and the development of the child's speech activity. The theoretical significance of the work consists in studying the characteristics of speech development in normal and autistic children, as well as in a retrospective analysis of existing didactic means of developing speech comprehension in children of this category. Practical significance: the results of the research can be used as a basis for the development of psychological and pedagogical programs aimed at the implementation of the educational field of "Speech development".