Nadiia M. Galimyllina

A modern professional, regardless of the field in which he will work, must combine a whole range of competences, both highly professional and supra-professional, universal, so-called "soft" skills. In addition to deep professional training, the future employee should be trained in the rules and principles of communication with colleagues, managers, subordinates as representatives of the internal audience, partners, investors, representatives of government regulatory authorities as external groups of the organization. Obviously, the development of these skills is most successful within the framework of real interaction and information transfer during professional internship, but a certain experience of business communications can be obtained when studying specialized disciplines in accordance with the approved curricula of the main educational programs. This determines the relevance of considering the experience of developing business communication skills in the higher education system. The aim of this study is to analyze the characteristics of the business communication skills development among students in the context of pedagogical discipline, on the one hand, and students' perception of didactic units provided by the discipline's work program, on the other. The empirical basis of the work was made up of student essays as a means of current control on the discipline "Business Communications". Research methodology: statistical analysis of the distribution of essay topics within the discipline "Business Communications" chosen by students of Kazan National Research Technical University named after A. N. Tupolev-KAI. Statistical analysis of the collected data allowed us to identify that students are most interested in topics related to communication with people with disabilities (31%), general communication issues in the professional field (26%) and self-presentation during job interviews (24%). The theoretical significance of the research lies in the in-depth characterization of the essay as a pedagogical means of studying the main issues of communication in the professional field in the format of independent student work. The data obtained must be considered in order to improve the effectiveness of teaching the subject by focusing on topics that are of interest to students, due to their relevance or lack of coverage at the moment.

Starting from the 2023-2024 academic year, the main educational programs of all areas of higher education in Russia include the discipline "Fundamentals of Russian Statehood". It is intended to help recognize a timely response to the current challenges of Russia's educational and social policy, to contribute to the formation of students' sense of citizenship and patriotism, which is an important task at the highest state level. The aim of the article is to study the specific features of the introduction of a new discipline into university curricula, its perception by students, their attitude to it, and a description of practical methodological recommendations for teaching the subject. To conduct the research, general theoretical methods were used (analysis, synthesis, generalization of theoretical information on the problem) and an empirical method – an online questionnaire. The research involved 173 first-year students of technical universities in Penza and Kazan. The research made it possible to clarify the attitude of first-year students to the discipline as a whole, to its individual sections, pedagogical tools and methods used for teaching of this course. More than half of the respondents replied that they were completely satisfied with the results obtained in the classroom. The students noted the importance of personal interaction with the teacher in the course of classes, paid special attention to the interesting content of the discipline, highlighting this parameter as a clear advantage of the course. They noted the sections of the discipline "The Russian state-civilization" and "The political structure of Russia" as the most important for studying. Students consider videos, interactive online games, original lectures and working with a map to be the most effective means of learning. We think that the goals and objectives set in the legal field for universities and academic staff and outlined in the media space have been fulfilled. The survey results confirm this fact. Most students are convinced that they get benefit from studying the subject and expand their knowledge of the history of Russia. At the same time, respondents noted as a significant learning result the formation of a sense of pride in their country and their people, the expansion of existing knowledge of the geography of Russia, and better understanding of the geopolitical processes taking place today. In practice, the discipline contributes to the formation of such qualities among young people as citizenship and patriotism, which determine the value attitude of an individual to the historical past of his country, belonging to the nation, and a sense of pride in our Fatherland.