Keyword: «crime»

This article is devoted to the study of the shortcomings and positive aspects of a relatively new general theory of crime. Comparisons are made with the latest criminological studies of the criminal personality phenomenon, conducted in Russia and abroad. It is concluded that this theory is a new word in modern criminology. It may be attributed to the biosocial theories of criminal behavior.

The article is devoted to the study of Beccaria's legal views, which were reflected in his works. The main work was the study of the treatise "On crimes and punishments", which is one of the most famous works of the Italian thinker. The author also describes the provisions of the works of CH. Beccaria, reflected in the modern criminal and criminal procedure legislation of the Russian Federation.

The relevance of the studied problem is due to the disappointing statistics of crimes and offenses committed by minors, and more frequent high-profile crimes with manifestations of cruelty not characteristic of them, as well as a significant number of scientific and other publications on the issue being studied, and publications in electronic and print media. We have no a unified approach to legal education in Russia now; students of some educational organizations, at the initiative of regional authorities or teachers, study the basics of legal disciplines more thoroughly in comparison with other students who study law only within specific topics. This approach puts students in unequal positions, it does not contribute to crime prevention, as well as to increasing the general legal socialization of the younger generation. In this regard, it seems appropriate to consider the possibility of developing a unified concept of legal education in Russia. The purpose of this study is to identify existing problems in the implementation of legal education in Russia and to offer recommendations for reducing their negative impact. It is assumed that the goal will be achieved as a result of the analysis of existing trends and measures of legal socialization in Russia; understanding of the historical experience of legal socialization; definition of approaches to the implementation of legal socialization abroad; studying the opinions of students and teachers on the need for legal socialization, and existing problems by means of questionnaires. The main result of the scientific research is to identify the existing problems of implementing legal socialization in Russia and to offer recommendations for reducing the negative impact of its implementation problems at the present stage in Russia, in particular, specific measures that may be included in the Unified Concept of Legal Education. Based on the results of questionnaire answers of students in grades 8–11 of the Sverdlovsk region educational institutions, the main problems in the study of legal disciplines were identified, the main of which was the students' awareness of a lack of legal knowledge. During the study, synthesis, sociological, and analytical methods were used. This study will be useful for both theoretical and practical workers, in particular, for the teachers of junior and senior grades, staffs in the field of education, developing educational programs and standards, law enforcement officers working with minors, and it may also be used for further research and development.

The author makes an assessment of the legislative initiative to include the institution of criminal misconduct in the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. In this regard, the contradictions in the development of criminal and tort-administrative law are revealed. The author justifies the proposal on the feasibility of radical reforming of these branches of legislation taking into account domestic legal assumptions.

The article deals with the issue of countering such social phenomena as terrorism and extremist activities of nationalist, religious and ethnic organizations that destabilize the order in the Russian Federation. The article analyzes the actions of law enforcement agencies to effectively take measures to prevent extremism and terrorism among young people. On the basis of the conducted analysis the reasons inducing migrants to commit crimes of this type are defined, and also the algorithm of actions for their prevention is offered.