Keyword: «happiness»

The article is an attempt to clarify the meaning as well as the research of the origin of one of the elements of the discourse about pleasure – the term "hedonism". Due to the author’s view, this should serve to boost the level of scientific research in the field of ethics, philosophy of culture, theory and history of culture, as it allows more accurate use of scientific and theoretical tools. Analysis of the basic sources (the classics of utilitarianism and liberalism), which is presented in the article, makes it possible to track down some aspects of the secularization of ethics in the 19th century, which largely contributes to the understanding of cultural transformations of the next Post-modern era.

The article reveals the key ideas of the cultural concept of S. Freud described them in his one main philo-sophic works "and its discontents." Is an ambivalent nature of the phenomenon of culture: as a means of survival of the human race culture over time, working from the inside out through the "superego" ("culture"), has become more and more repressive toward man, leaving many opportunities for full human life. Study of the Genesis, evolution and essence of culture is intended to help people choose the right way to achieve happiness.

Article is devoted to an important philosophical question -understanding of happiness in traditional and unusual representation. The author pays attention to an important role of a teacher in formation of the correct ideas of happiness at modern youth.

The article presents a theoretical and methodological analysis of scientific research on the phenomenon of psychological well-being and its empirical study in the context of gender identity. The main approaches to the definition of the content and structure of the concepts of "psychological well-being" and "gender identity" are considered. The results of a comparative analysis of the structural and level features of the psychological well-being of adults with different gender identity status are described.

The article is an analysis of the regional characteristics of the perception of well-being by the Russian population. By means of factor analysis, universal (dominant) and regional factors of the population's well-being were established. The results obtained show that income, stable work and good relationships with colleagues, health, a satisfactory environmental situation, a high level of happiness have a positive effect on the well-being of the population in any region of Russia. The well-being of the population is negatively affected by the instability of economic life, the intensification of labor activity, and unsatisfactory housing conditions. The extremely high importance of health for satisfaction with life and its perception in a positive way was revealed. It is from the state that Russians expect systematic actions in the field of health care.