Liya Lashkova

The problem of non-formal education is extremely relevant in pedagogical science and practical work of the universities in the Russian Federation. The potential of such education provides opportunities for a pedagogical university to form students' universal and professional competences in various forms of education and upbringing. The article presents an analysis of foreign and domestic literature on the problem of non-formal education. On the basis of scientific work and educational practice, the work in this field is organized at the Surgut State Pedagogical University. The survey of student teachers made it possible to identify their need for the development of critical thinking, emotional intelligence, creativity, and communication skills. Students offered such forms of non-formal education as master classes, trainings, business games, round tables. These forms are presented in the description of two major projects of the Faculty of Psychology and Pedagogy. The purpose of the article is to describe this innovative pedagogical experience. The first project "Teach me how ...", developed and implemented by the members of the student council "Drive", included master classes for students interested in this topic at the university. The second project "Academy" Your Skills "of the pedagogical team "Klyukva" was aimed at designing a career guidance environment for the development of flexible supra-professional competences among students. The novelty of the project "Teach me how ..." in the "student-to-student" format consists in organizing a whole series of master classes presented in the system at the request of university students. Bachelors acquired such universal competences as the ability to communicate, work in a team, and be creative in specific activities. In 2021, this project won public recognition (1st degree diploma in the District competition "Student of the Year of Ugra – 2021" in the nomination "Volunteer Association of the Year", Khanty-Mansiysk and the International competition of student social projects on inclusive and special (defectological) education "My social initiative”, Kazakhstan, Petropavlovsk). The project “Academy“ Your Skills” was aimed at mastering the“ flexible skills ”of the 21st century: critical thinking, emotional intelligence, creativity, etc. The students defending this project took 1st place in the All-Russian competition of student programs, projects and education practices in general educational organizations "Leaders to school" (April 2021, St. Petersburg). The practical significance of the materials of the article lies in the fact that the methodological tools of non-formal education, in particular, fragments of abstracts of specific master classes, can be used by other pedagogical universities in the process of developing the universal and professional competences of future teachers.

The urgency of the problem is conditioned by the existing need to expand the content of pre-school education, the development of methodological support for the organization of preschoolers’ constructing process with the use of the new generation of building kits. A number of contradictions have developed in modern science and educational practice: between recognition by psychological and pedagogical science the fact that children of preschool age can master skills for constructive activities with elements of robotics and the absence of a scientifically based methodology for realizing this process in the system of preschool education; between the significant potential of a new generation of building kits for realization of the process of constructive skills forming in children of senior preschool age and insufficiently developed methodological support of this process in practice of modern pre-school education. At the same time, the Federal Educational Standard of preschool education defines constructing from various materials as one of the most important types of children's activities. The article presents the methodological foundations for the organization of constructing and robotics at a pre-school educational organization. Methodological foundations constitute a set of methodological approaches: system-activity, integrative and situational ones. The system-activity approach determines the structure of the process of formation of constructing skills in preschool children and ensures the sequence of mastering them. The integrative approach allows to choose the effective means, forms and methods of educational activity, grouped by thematic principle; integrate different types of children's activities. The situational approach promotes consideration of preschool children’s constructing skills formation process in the logic of problem training technology, modelling and solving problem situations. The article is practice-oriented. It presents educational activities in constructing with elements of robotics, organized by students of the Surgut State Pedagogical University during their pedagogical practice. The method of teaching construction with the use of new generation of LEGO, Polydron, Engino Education and Engino Discovering Stem building kits in the classroom and in free children activities is substantiated. The materials of the article may be used by teachers of preschool educational organizations both in classrooms and in regime moments; by bachelors and masters of pedagogy while studying methods of teaching preschoolers constructing and robotics; by academic staff of pedagogical universities for presentation this method to students; by teachers of additional professional education organizations in the framework of the preparation for advanced training courses in the presented field of educational activity.

The article deals with the problem of the moral development of children in pre-school educational organiza-tions. The author defines the concept of «gender», reveals the effective forms and methods of the for-mation of moral qualities in preschool children, taking into account the gender factor.

The problem of development of communicative competence of teachers of preschool educational institu-tions. The author reveals the effective forms and methods of methodical work, which formed in the process of communication knowledge and skills of teachers in the area of interaction with the children and their par-ents.

The problem of communicative training of teachers of the preschool educational organizations is considered in the article. The author opens modern approaches to the formation of communicative knowledge and abili-ties at bachelors of pedagogics at higher education institution.