Natalia L. Bolshakova

The complexity and scale of the problem of suicide among children and adolescents, due to the psychological characteristics of age and a variety of causes, necessitate the development of effective preventive measures. The work examines the substantive aspects and types of prevention, measures aimed at developing a positive attitude towards life in adolescents, supporting mental health and preserving their lives. It has been revealed that prevention includes a number of measures aimed at avoiding the development of crisis situations, early detection of depression signs and other psychological disorders, improvement of mental health and development of a positive worldview.

Suicidal behavior of children and adolescents is a serious socio-psychological problem for modern society. The scientific work examines the socio-psychological characteristics of suicidal individuals, risk factors for development and motives of their suicidal behavior. The specific features, signs of behavior, causes and factors of suicidal behavior are highlighted. Antisuicidal factors are presented: family determinants, personality traits, socio-psychological factors. It was found that suicidal symptoms are common among adolescents aged 16-19 years, girls commit them more often than boys; they are due to mental disorders, family and school conflicts.

Suicide is a serious threat to society, resulting in significant socio-economic losses. The presented article examines the suicidal behavior of children and adolescents in Russia, considered as a socially significant phenomenon determined by a complex of social, psychological, biological, cultural and environmental factors. The article defines the characteristics, motives and forms of manifestation of suicidal actions. It is found out that suicide rates among young people in Russia remain among the highest in the world, have sustainable tendency, and adolescents aged 16-19 are the most vulnerable age group.

The ability to use physical force, cruelty, violence is often a determining factor in the relationship between husbands and wives, parents and children. The Russian Federation does not have a law and a preventive program directly related to domestic violence. However, there are organizational structures, socio-psychological methods and technologies that have been developed to protect the interests of victims of domestic violence. The socio-psychological services are engaged in improving the level of knowledge and qualifications of specialists, special training for intervention in cases of family violence, providing legal, professional and rehabilitation assistance to victims of violence. According to the results of special studies, a significant number of women who have been subjected to violence refuse to confirm this fact, but they are interested in this problem and consider it a negative social phenomenon in modern society. The problem of domestic violence can be solved by a wide-ranging impact on it, detecting an emerging conflict in time and effectively eliminating its consequences. Effective protection will be facilitated by a combination of information, educational, legal and preventive measures.

Domestic abuse of women is a widespread global social problem of the modern world, leading to certain socio-economic consequences in society. Women all over the world are subjected to physical, social, psychological, sexual, economic and many other types of violence on a daily basis. Victims of spousal violence need social and psychological support, preventive and rehabilitative measures. The Scandinavian states are implementing an effective model of social policy based on social justice, equalization of citizens' incomes, smoothing of property and gender inequality, and the creation of a welfare state. The purpose of the scientific article is to study the state of the social policy of the Scandinavian countries in relation to spousal violence against women. The social experience of the Nordic countries in providing assistance to women victims of domestic violence is real and effective. The family policy of these countries is aimed at creating a safe environment for creating a family and raising children. It will not be possible to completely get rid of domestic violence, but in order to minimize it, it is necessary to develop and put into practice social work technologies for the prevention of family violence. It is possible to find the most effective method of combating this problem by changing the mentality of the population in relation to domestic violence.