Nikolai Balashev

The article provides a characteristic of cryptocurrencies and electronic money and talks about the trends in their development and use in Russia and other countries, since the introduction of these technologies is a significant phenomenon due to the specifics of the modern activities of the financial sector. The aim of the work is to consider the trend of digital money development, to determine which money is most popular among the population. The reasons for development or its absence in the sphere of implementation in the financial sphere of life are examined. The work results in the conclusion that electronic money is developing more efficiently compared to cryptocurrencies.

The problem of determining the amount of money supply required in circulation became the most urgent after the collapse of the Bretton Woods monetary system. This is because the exchange rate has become directly dependent on the produced GDP. If earlier the circulation of money was ensured by gold, now the Central Bank started to regulate money supply began. Thus, the regulation of the money supply has become a function of public policy. The purpose of this work is to study the influence of the GDP monetization level on macroeconomic indicators. The study revealed that the economy of developed countries is characterized by high monetization rates. Saturation of the economy with monetary funds at high growth rates of the gross domestic product does not cause significant inflationary processes, but significantly stimulates even greater economic growth.

The relevance of the topic is due to the emergence of new problems and aspects of monetary policy because of the pandemic in Russia, in connection with which the inflation rate by years is presented, as well as three schemes of the economic situation development. The authors present yearly forecast for GDP and inflation and describe the impact of the coronavirus on monetary policy. The aim of the work is to analyze the problems of monetary policy during the coronavirus epidemic, to establish the reasons for the key rate cut. The study helped to identify the areas most affected by the coronavirus and note the government's measures taken to support citizens.

The situation in the development of Russian society in the 21st century is characterized by fundamental socio-economic, political and demographic changes that are reflected in many areas of society. The most significant of these are pension problems [1]. The most important element of the pension system is its regional level. A regional support system is the organization of determining and paying pensions to citizens living in a given region, as well as receiving funds for these purposes. The functioning of this system is affected by the socio-economic level of development of the country as a whole and its individual regions, the demographic structure of the population, the ratio of employed and retired people, the standard of living, the material and technical base and the organizational level of the infrastructure of the pension system. The purpose of the article is to analyze regional differences in the pension system of the Russian Federation. The study showed a close relationship between financial flows between the federal budget, the pension fund and the regions, which ensured the effective functioning of the entire pension system at the present stage of its development.

The relevance of the article is due to the gradual decreasing of the number of foreign banks in the Russian banking sector, and therefore the possible causes of this phenomenon are disclosed, since this trend is twofold. On the one hand, a decrease in the number of foreign banks, and on the other hand, an increase in their share in the Russian banking system and strengthening their role in the Russian banking sector. The aim of the work is to analyze the work of functioning foreign banks over the period of 25 years, taking into account factors influencing on changes in the banking services market situation. The study reveals the essence of the trends in the functioning of banks with the participation of non-residents in the Russian Federation.