Irina Tsvetkova

Urbanization is a very topical subject of research. Actively exploring its social, economic, demographic, environmental aspects. Along with them very relevant is the perception of the urban environment in the structures of everyday experience of citizens. Daily life - one of the areas of human experience, characterized by a special form of perception and understanding of the world. The world of everyday life - it's not just the personal, private world of one individual and the objective world, common to all people experienced the same thing. Surrounding people live together not only in general for their world, but it includes as an integral part thereof. The physical existence of other people, their conscious life, the ability to communicate with them, cash social organization and culture - all this is an integral part of city life. By their actions, people define the world of life, their actions are focused on this world, it is a test of the effectiveness and action. Each person creates a world of his own life. Each individual creates their distinctive social and physical environments and that it responds. The modern city is an attractive place to stay, providing ample opportunity for the disclosure of the identity. The space of the city becomes the embodiment and personification of the modern lifestyle, outlook, as well as being rich in different possibilities of activities, saturation, social information, and cultural integration. Unchanged is the desire of citizens to own a house or apartment in an area with clean air, away from industrial enterprises, equipped with seating areas, landscaped courtyards, playgrounds and gardens. The physical space can contribute to a feeling of comfort, harmony and consistency with the human environment or, conversely, can cause feelings of alienation. With considerable social heterogeneity population of the city forms a single territorial entity. To varying degrees, all residents enjoy a whole city and its suburban area - a place of employment and recreation. To varying degrees, all citizens contribute to the formation of the urban environment, contributing to its territorial differentiation and giving its characteristic features. The city is artificially created object is a functional system for the implementation of the expanding needs. However, not only is the sense of the city. City - this is a special way to the maintenance and development of sociality, a method of preservation and reproduction of values and stereotypes, the creation and distribution of a special intellectual and spiritual atmosphere, traditional behavior. City, combining the people and their relationships with each other, various social institutions and organizations, building and civil engineering constructions, natural elements, and more, has some special properties are obvious, samopodtverzhdeniya ("autopoiesis of the city").

The paper analyzes the impact of motorization on the way of life of the Togliatti citizens. The author considers the attitude of survey participants to the status characteristics of the car drivers. The ability to drive a car is considered as an important quality of the modern man. The car highlights the status of the owner, expresses his personality. The paper analyzes the results of sociological research, held in Togliatti in 2010 and 2015. They give an idea of the value of the car as a way of both expressing social status, and spending free time.

The paper analyzes the social consequences of automobilization in Russia. The author notes that the pro-cess of automobilization in our country has been accelerating in the last twenty years. The number of cars per thousand inhabitants has increased more than twice. This phenomenon can be seen as progressive. However, the increase in the number of vehicles is carried out not only at the expense of domestic products of the automotive industry. Used cars of foreign manufacture are very popular among domestic consumers. The paper analyzes the results of sociological research, held in Togliatti in 2010 and 2015. They give an idea about the changing needs of the residents in preferred characteristics of the cars.

The paper analyzes methodological approaches to research activities of students. The representatives of various scientific professions (teachers, psychologists, philosophers) currently study the topic. Despite the large number of publications on the topic, there is no understanding of the scientific research activities of students. It is treated either as a variety of learning activities, or as a kind of scientific work. The author ana-lyzes three types of scientific approaches: integrated, competency-based and interactive. Integrated and competence-based approaches are widely applied nowadays. However, they focused on getting the final result in accordance with regulatory requirements. In the author's opinion, interactive approach, has signifi-cant research potential in student’s research activities.

Great attention is paid to development of innovative potential of young people in modern conditions of reforming of the Russian higher education. An important factor in achieving this goal is scientific-research work of students. The authors of the paper analyze the problems of assessing the effectiveness of research work in Russian universities. According to the authors, performance of research work can be covered in two aspects: cognitive and innovative. Cognitive effectiveness is reflected in stimulating students' learning activity. The results of the research show that cognitive efficiency of students research work is loosely related to professional adaptation. Innovative efficiency of research work depends on the formation of students' deep interest in science, autonomy of thought, responsibility. These qualities cannot be generated within the framework of educational process in modern higher school.