Keyword: «initiative»

Will refers to the key issues of personal development that determine the independence and responsibility of preschoolers for their future success. Today, physical training is aimed primarily at protecting and strengthening the health of children, increasing the body's protective forces, generation of an active interest in motor skills, abilities, volitional and physical qualities (speed, agility, litheness, and endurance), the formation of a health culture. The relevance of the topic is caused by the need for psychologists, teachers, and parents in the improvement of already existing approaches of psychological and pedagogical influence on the forming personality of a senior preschool child with the aim of developing autonomy, initiative, dedication, determination, and discipline. The need to develop new, rationally constructed and effective pedagogical technologies is obvious. The aim of this work is to study the methods and techniques of organizing senior preschoolers’ game activity in order to form their volitional qualities. The will is what makes a person capable of setting himself complex goals, achieving them, overcoming external and internal obstacles. A human is not born with a strong will, it is developed throughout life. The subjects of our work are the methods and techniques of organizing gaming activity in the classroom for the physical training of preschoolers in order to form volitional qualities. Methods of work include theoretical analysis of psychological and methodological literature; observation, experiment, conversation; method of quantitative and qualitative data processing. The study of the volitional sphere of senior preschool age children is attractive both in theoretical and in practical terms. There is an intensive formation of the volitional sphere at this age, which consists in the ability to obey the rules and requirements. Formation of volitional qualities in senior preschoolers leads to the development of the self-regulation ability. The theoretical significance of the work lies in the fact that its results expand the understanding of the relationship between physical and volitional upbringing of senior preschool age children. The possibility of volitional qualities effective formation under the influence of purposeful pedagogical influences in the process of physical activity is proved. The practical significance of the work: the authors developed practical recommendations for selection and use of physical exercises to assess the level of independence and initiative development, to cultivate these qualities of the will through the use of a set of physical exercises, mainly aimed at the formation of dedication, determination, discipline. The results of the work for the formation of volitional qualities in older preschoolers during ascertaining experiment showed that mostly prevailed children with low-57%, average – 34% and high level – only 9%. The work does not end there. For the effective formation of volitional qualities we implement specially created pedagogical conditions which will help to increase the level of volitional qualities formation in older preschoolers. After studying the scientific literature, we come to the conclusion that different types of games in physical training influence on the formation of independence in children, discipline, determination, initiative. They bring up the desire to bring the work started to the end, to cultivate the ability to continue work, even if you do not want to do it or if there is more interesting activity. In other words, all types of games are aimed at the formation of the volitional qualities of the individual. Observation of the subjects showed that children became more willing to engage in physical training. This once again confirms the effectiveness of active, sports games in the development of interest in physical training.

One of the most relevant professional skills today is the ability to work in a team. It should be recognized that the high effectiveness of this work, common incentives, motivations do not arise spontaneously. These are manifestations of the personal potential of its members, a complex of qualities, abilities and skills belonging to individual team members. The aim of the article is to study the personal quality of “initiative” among students of the pedagogical university who are engaged in team activities. The authors studied semantic and substantive essential characteristics of initiative, its structure, specific features. Considerable attention is paid to the analysis of various theories of the teamwork organization, both by foreign and domestic researchers, which cover a wide range of team building issues. Particular attention is paid to revealing social, socio-psychological, pedagogical, administrative and organizational, rational-organizational, administrative-organizational and virtual aspects of teamwork. The authors described a number of specific features of this type of activity: qualitative nature of interpersonal interactions in a group; duality, contradiction of wishes; distinctive national character of the group, manifested in a common, collective team spirit. Based on the analysis of “initiative” concept, its constituent components are identified: motivational-volitional, procedural-activity, and reflexive-evaluative ones. As a result of the study, the authors found out that acquiring effective teamwork skills contribute to the positive socialization of participants and to the formation of universal competences “Teamwork and leadership” according to FSES HE 44.03.01 Pedagogical Education and 44.03.05 Pedagogical Education (with two areas of training). Case technology and project technology in their harmonious combination were those to evaluate the level of initiative establishment. The presentation of theoretical material at the lessons in the case form and the public defense of its project decision allowed all team members to take initiative in varying degrees, which revealed the abilities and needs of the participant’s personality and the level of the team formation in general. The article may be interesting for teachers, specialists in the field of team building, those who work in the field of additional education, curators of student groups, class tutors.

The article offers options for various game exercises used by the author when working on vocabulary and grammar of the German language with first-year German beginners. These exercises are designed to help students learn the complex phonetic, vocabulary, and grammatical items of the German language in complex from the very first lessons and in relaxing atmosphere.

At the turn of the century, trade between Europe and Asia began to grow rapidly, which required new logistics and infrastructure routes for faster and cheaper delivery of goods from one part of the continent to another. “One Belt – One Road” is the most global economic project of the People’s Republic of China: the country is actively promoting this project, it is its main foreign policy priority. The purpose of the article is to consider the reasons for its launching, directions, routes, shortcomings of the economic belt of the New Silk Road and the 21st century Maritime Silk Road; to analyze what benefits it brings for other states to take part in this project. The result of the article is a description of China’s actions mechanism and assessment of the project viability as a whole.

The social order in the field of preschool education determines the need for the development of children's initiative and involves not only the development of pedagogical tools for this process, but also a theoretical and empirical justification of its applicability. The purpose of our research is to work out and test organizational and pedagogical conditions for the development of initiative in older preschool children on the basis of volunteer activities (criteria, indicators, levels, diagnostic techniques, partial program and technology, etc.). The article presents the author's criterion model for studying the level of initiative development in older preschool children, statistical processing of the experiment results. The content of diagnostic procedures is determined taking into account the targets of the Federal State Educational Standard for Preschool Education. The pedagogical tools are based on interviews with preschoolers, the method of pedagogical observation of children during free, specially organized activities. The article discusses scientific approaches to the study of the concept of "initiative", the types of initiative and its characteristics. On the basis of a theoretical analysis of scientific works, we found a set of criteria for assessing the level of initiative development as a multidimensional and multilevel phenomenon, which are in certain relationships with each other: 1) motivational-value; 2) informational-cognitive; 3) emotional-volitional; 4) regulatory activity-oriented. On a sample of these criteria for the level of initiative development in older preschool children of the experimental group (N = 53) under the conditions of a formative experiment based on the introduction of a partial program and technology for the development of initiative of preschoolers through their inclusion in volunteer activities, it was empirically found out that these criteria for the representation initiative as a system are chosen adequately to the set goal and in their sum will validly reflect its manifestation. In the course of the final comparative diagnosing the level of initiative development in older preschool children, a positive trend was obtained, which proves the effectiveness of the worked out organizational and pedagogical conditions aimed at developing initiative in older preschool children on the basis of volunteer activities.