Keyword: «phraseological units»

The article presents a comparative analysis of two phraseological units with the semantic field "fear" in Spanish, English, French, Ukrainian and Russian, highlighting the mental features of their origin, semantics and use. In the course of the study, it is possible to establish that in the picture of the world of any nation there is a concept of fear. At the same time, the feeling of fear can cause a specific conscious phenomenon, but most often fear is formed at the level of the subconscious, so the reasons for such fear are usually difficult to determine and difficult to explain. Such subconscious fears include the fear of a certain day of the week when important things should not be started, or the fear of a hypothetical misfortune in the future. The peculiarities of the manifestation of these fears can be established from the peculiarities of the linguistic picture of the world of each nation when studying its folklore, especially proverbs and phraseological expressions. To establish the equivalence of the meanings of such stable combinations, it is necessary to conduct a thorough comparative analysis of the linguistic elements, involving the facts of the history of the appearance of these expressions in the history of each nation.

The relevance of the problem under study is due to the fact that the analysis is carried out, first of all, of phraseological units with a positive connotation of the sphere of “Wealth and Success”. According to most scientific studies, everything negative is often reflected and consolidated in the language, while the positive is considered the norm. Consequently, it takes more than one generation for the positive experience of the ethnos to be reflected in the language and find its expression, in particular, in phraseological units. The purpose of this work is to identify the role and place of the cultural and historical component in the semantics of the studied phraseological units of the English language, reflecting various aspects of the speaker's positive attitude to success and wealth, and, in particular, to determine the influence of the cultural and historical worldview of the ethnic group on the conceptual content of English phraseological units. Phraseological units are analyzed on the basis of cognitive and etymological approaches. As a result of the study, the main mechanism of the formation of phraseological units of the "Wealth and Success" sphere was revealed, the source sphere and the target sphere were established.

The article is devoted to the linguistic and cultural analysis of phraseological units of the Zabolotny Tatars, formed on the basis of the formulas of malevolence. Malevolence is understood as a speech unit that expresses a wish for some misfortune (a wish for harm to health, well-being, and often a fatal outcome) to the addressee. The subject of the study is phraseological units with components-somatisms pash "head", kus "eye", auys" mouth", tel" tongue", tamah" throat", koloh" ear", ayah" leg "and kul" hand". In the Zabolotny dialect, phraseological units with these components reflect the character of a person, his behavior and external qualities.

This article provides a comparative analysis of the use of phraseological units in public speaking. The texts of the interviews of the Russian President and their translations into English are under analysis. The main attention is paid to the use of idioms in order to describe the ways of conveying the meanings of such lexical units in public political speaking when translated into English.

The article is devoted to evaluation categories of norm and anomaly. The connection between the category of assessment and linguoculturology is considered, the rationale for the anthropocentric approach in modern linguistics is given. On the example of phraseological units with parametric semantics, an analysis of the features of the expression of the norm and anomaly in the Russian language is carried out.