Natalya Rotova

Changes in the formation of a new technological foundation are based on the introduction of innovative scientific achievements in all spheres of society, therefore, there is an acute issue of the availability of scientific and technical potential and high-tech production, the solution of which largely depends on the quality level of professional personnel and their competitiveness. The article describes the essential content of the system of scientific organization of labor in preparing participants for the WorldSkills championship and gives the analysis of domestic and foreign scientific literature, revealing the principles of the scientific organization of labor to improve competitiveness in professional activities. The purpose of the study is to theoretically substantiate the use of the principles of scientific organization of labor to increase competitiveness in preparation for the WorldSkills championship. The methodological basis of the study is the idea of technological, competence, systemic approaches, general scientific methods of comparative analysis (historical retrospective), synthesis and generalization. The theoretical significance of the article is as follows: the authors reveal the content of the labor scientific organization concept to increase competitiveness in preparation for the WorldSkills championship as a process of organizing professional labor aimed at increasing its productivity; present a retrospective of the views of Russian and foreign scientists on the essence of the concept of labor scientific organization, which includes elements and tasks of labor organization, revealing the importance of the process under study for the system of effective training of competitive personnel; examine the systems of labor motivation in different periods of our country development; substantiate the principles of scientific organization of labor to increase competitiveness in preparation for the WorldSkills championship. The practical significance of the article lies in the fact that the conclusions and provisions contained in it reveal the principles of the scientific organization of labor to increase competitiveness in preparation for the WorldSkills championship, which is confirmed by the results of the study. The authors note that the main emphasis should be placed on early vocational guidance, motivation and stimulation of young people and students, increasing the prestige of blue-collar occupations with the help of forms and methods of vocational training, which are based on the principles of the scientific organization of labor.

The relevance of the project-based learning is due to the demand of society for the training of specialists - future teachers who would be ready to solve non-standard problems that are reflected in a practice-oriented activity. The purpose of this study is the theoretical justification of project-based learning at the university for the development of personal and professional qualities of future teachers. The methodological basis of the research are the ideas of developing education and the activity-oriented approach, general scientific methods of comparative analysis, synthesis and generalization. The theoretical significance of the article is as follows: the authors reveal the concept content of the project-based learning in the university as a purposeful, organized in a special way pedagogical process of creating a case situation of subjects interaction to make a product, the quantity and quality of which corresponds to the set goal; analyze the forms of project-based learning and the professional and personal qualities of future teachers developed in the course of it. The practical significance of the article lies in the fact that the conclusions and provisions contained in it reveal the ways of organizing project-based learning at the university for the development of personal and professional qualities of future teachers, and the considered stages of organizing a particular practice-oriented project "Organization of a competition for creating a design for the pedagogical faculty environment" clearly illustrate the presented theoretical provisions. The article specifies the content of the main stages of organizing project activities, the observance of which is necessary to achieve the practical goal set in the course of the project: the stage of formulating the problem, the stage of designing a solution to the problem, the stage of planning the project implementation, the stage of implementation and the final (reflexive) stage. The content of the stage of formulating the problem is considered in detail on the example of the practice-oriented project "Organization of a competition for creating a design for the pedagogical faculty environment". The research materials can be used both in educational and extracurricular work of a pedagogical university.

The article reveals the experiential and theoretical approaches to the formation of natural-science concepts in pre-school children. The concept of "formation" is analyzed with reference to pre-school pedagogy, a specific example shows the organization of elementary experimentation with children 6–7 years on the basis of revealing the essence of the properties of the objects under study in the surrounding world.

On the basis of analysis of the regulations clarify the content of the special conditions required for the training of students with disabilities in high school, disclosed the direction of content adaptation elective courses. Details considered methodological approaches to compiling AOPVO.