Vera B. Vaks

Modern educational activity requires a high level of practical orientation due to the deep internal transformation of the most of economic, social and other processes characteristic to the modern level of human development, primarily in the digital sphere. The current situation requires scientific conceptualization and transfer of the gained in the process of educational activity knowledge, and the practice of implementing these processes should also take into account modern requirements of computerization. Digital technologies in education are implemented through the use of information and digital means and various channels of interaction in the educational process, completely computerized or based on the use of hardware and technological support, often also associated with the use of digital technologies. The impact of digital transformation on the practice of learning activities is often realized through the use of information and digital means in the educational process in the form of the implementation of a technological learning management system. However, this is complicated in the current situation by the fact that the absolute majority of information and digital tools traditionally used by educational organizations have a foreign origin. At the same time, a situation may arise in which educational organizations should be ready to promptly change these tools with minimal damage to the educational process. All of the above characterizes the relevance of the issues studied and defines the accepted formulation of the purpose of the study as considering the specific aspects of the use of information and digital tools, in particular learning management systems, in the educational processes of Russian educational institutions, depending on the areas of training. Based on the results of the study, conclusions were drawn about the possibility of a prompt change of the information and digital means used, if necessary. The study was based on the processing and analysis of the survey results conducted among students of the Kazan National Research Technical University using a set of research methods in order to achieve its goal and test the proposed hypothesis.

The digital transformation of the processes taking place in the educational sphere involves the active use of digital technologies. With the help of these technologies, the construction of diverse communication channels is carried out, which the subjects of educational activity can use when receiving and exchanging educational materials, for the assimilation of educational content and for other purposes defined as an element of educational activity. At the same time, digital transformation creates conditions in an educational organization that are close to the conditions characterizing the digital economy and other areas subject to digital transformation, and therefore increases the effectiveness of the educational process by accelerating the formation of competences required for activities in these areas. The practice of teaching in the conditions of digital transformation of the educational process suggests that significant attention is paid to the subjective characteristics of the educational process organization, in particular, to the availability of educational materials and the ability to organize the educational process by using diverse communication channels between the subjects of educational activity. At the same time, there is a need to assess how actively various communication channels organized by means of digital technologies are actually used in educational activities, and what is the assessment of their use by students. All of the above determined the relevance of the issues raised in the study, as well as the formulation of the research goal, which includes the characteristics of the capabilities of students of higher education institutions to use various channels of obtaining educational content in the educational process, sharing it, as well as to successfully assimilate educational materials and build up competences in the process of using various channels of interaction implemented by means of digital technologies. The study involved conducting a survey of students of the A.N.Tupolev KNRTU(Kazan), generalizing and processing the survey results by using a set of research methods to assess and analyze the digital transformation of the educational process.

The spread and development of the computerization processes in education makes it necessary to use special forms of training organization in the educational process, which are called distance learning. On the one hand, the distance learning system acts as a positive factor in ensuring the competitiveness of university graduates in the labor market, since many modern sectors of the economy operate on the basis of digital technologies and require potential participants to work in a digital environment. At the same time, the attitude of students to the use of distance learning technologies in the learning process is a little-studied factor and requires modern research, taking into account the transformation of learning processes under the influence of the circumstances of modern world reality and the need to assess the attitude of students to them, which determined the relevance of this study content. Thus, the purpose of the study is to identify the transformation of the practice of teaching in higher education institutions when introducing elements of distance learning. The study was conducted using a set of methods, including a preliminary analysis of the problem, making a ranking scale for the preparation of a questionnaire describing the main aspects of the use of distance learning elements in the practice of training at a university. The main part of the study was carried out using a set of methods, including observation, survey, generalization of data obtained on the rank scale, calculation of Spearman's rank correlation coefficients, etc. The article includes the study of the frequency and completeness of the use of distance learning elements in the educational process at the university in the conditions of the circumstances of modern world reality and before their occurrence on the basis of the of students’ opinions study. The conducted research was based on the study of students' opinions about the practice of using elements of distance learning in the educational process based on the use of new educational technologies in the educational process of the Kazan National Research Technical University named after A.N.Tupolev (Kazan).

The development of digitalization processes in education, including higher education, leads to better competitiveness of University graduates. At the same time, students have additional prospects for realizing their labor potential in the digital economy, since the digitalization of educational process allows students to adapt to the specific requirements of economic processes taking place in the digital sphere. Education in the context of digitalization is carried out using distance learning technologies, information systems and learning management systems. The need to assess the attitude of students towards them determined this study aimed at identifying problematic aspects in students’ attitude to the use of distance technologies in education and assessing their readiness to participate in educational processes in the digital environment. In this regard, the purpose of the study includes studying the attitude of students to participation in distance learning processes, implemented by means of information educational technologies and learning management systems use, as well as the introduction of distance learning elements. The study was carried out on the basis of examining the personal opinions of students, recorded and processed in a certain way. The study involved the use of an integrated approach, characterized by the use of various research methods: in particular, observation, survey based on a questionnaire, summary and generalization of the results were implemented. Graphical visualization was also used, which made it possible to visually present the results of the study of students' opinions. The article examines the opinion on the use of distance learning technologies in the implementation of the digital education system, which makes it possible to identify the impact of distance learning on the formation of students' competences. When conducting the study, all its aspects were considered on the example of KNRTU named after A. N. Tupolev (Kazan) and the distance learning processes implemented at the university to prepare students for activities in the context of the economy digitalization through the introduction of new educational technologies into the educational process.