Keyword: «competency»

A new educational paradigm is described, including the concept of functional literacy. An attempt was made to identify the internal links among the concepts of skill, competence, literacy, functional literacy.

The article continues the author's scientific work [1–3] in the field of methodological competence of a modern teacher. The relevance of the topic is emphasized by new changes related to the qualification requirements for teachers in accordance with the new Professional Standard for Teachers, which came into force in Russia on September 1, 2022. The purpose of the study is to analyze approaches to the concept and structural elements of a teacher's methodological competence as a part of professional and pedagogical competence. Methods of analysis, periodization and forecasting were used for this work. Analysis and periodization were used in the process of studying the main approaches to the concept of methodological competence, highlighting the stages of development of scientific and pedagogical thought on the topic of the article and their characteristic features; the forecasting method helped to raise the question of the prospects of the system of secondary general education in Russia, based on the regulatory requirements provided by the new Professional Standard for Teachers. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the presentation of the evolution of scientific and pedagogical thought in the field of methodological competence in the 1990-s, 2000-s, 2010-s and early 2020-s. In particular, the author revealed the following dynamics of the topic development: from the narrow ideas of researchers that the methodological competence of a teacher is reduced only to knowledge of the methodology of teaching one's own subject (1990-s) to the inclusion of the personal characteristics of the teacher in this concept (2000-s), methodological attempts to identify the components of methodological competence (2010-s) and, finally, to measure (diagnose) the methodological competence of the teacher by proposing appropriate methods (2010-s – early 2020-s). The theoretical significance lies in the fact that the author clarified the content of the "methodological competence of a teacher" concept, clarified the structure of methodological competence. Also, the theoretical significance lies in the fact that the results of the study can serve as a basis for writing other scientific papers on this topic. The practical significance is due to the fact that the results of the study can be used in the development of a criteria-level complex for the development of methodological competence of teachers, aimed at identifying the level of development of the structural components of methodological competence, which are identified by the author on the basis of the analysis: subject-activity, cognitive, personal, information technology, analytical and reflexive ones. In the course of analyzing approaches to the concept and structural elements of methodological competence, the author comes to the conclusion that methodological competence is an important type of professional and pedagogical competence, since the level of teacher's professionalism depends on it.

The article examines the meaning of the concepts of “competence” and “competence” in the context of student learning. Different points of view on the interpretation of these concepts are given. The features of the formation of professional competencies among students of future educators are also highlighted.

The relevance of the study is due to the need to develop the competence among cadets of military higher education institution in applying modeling in their professional activities, because the fact is that at the current stage of of the Russian armed forces development, formalized methods of information processing and modeling are increasingly used. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the essence, structure, content of the competence of applying modeling in professional activities of military higher education institution cadets, to determine the criteria and indicators of the level of formation of this competence components. The works of Russian and foreign researchers, referred to the concepts of model, modeling, modeling in military affairs, competency, competence, cadet competence, works in the field of training cadets and officers to apply modeling served as the theoretical basis of the study. The methodological basis of the study is a systems approach based on the consideration of an object as a system (in our case, such an object is the concept of "modeling competence"). This approach allowed to define the concept of "competence in applying modeling in professional activities by cadets of military universities" based on the analysis of scientific and pedagogical literature and the activities of officers in the field of applying modeling in professional activities, the principles of integrity, hierarchy, and consistency. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that, based on the analysis of the concepts of "model", "modeling", "modeling in military affairs", "competency", "competence", "officer competence", "cadet competence", as well as studying the activities of officers in modeling and practical application of models in professional activities, a definition of the competence of applying modeling is given, its essence and structural composition are revealed, and the indicators of the formation of competence components by levels (low, sufficient, advanced) are described. The theoretical significance of the article lies in the expansion by the authors of scientific ideas about the competence of applying modeling in professional activities among cadets of military universities. The results of the study can be used by teachers of military universities of the Russian Federation in practical activities in the process of building up the military-professional competence of cadets.