Keyword: «didactics»

One of the didactics development directions is associated with the improvement of the mathematical theory of training (MTT), which makes it possible to explain the basic regularities of didactic systems functioning using the analysis of their mathematical models. An actual problem of MTT is the mathematical solution of the optimization task of training, which consists in determining the conditions of the educational process organization, when its effectiveness is the highest. The result of optimization depends on the learner's assimilation coefficient, classes duration, distribution of learning material elements (LME) according to their complexity and importance. The aim of the work is to build the computer model of the didactic system and to find optimal study duration of LMEs which have various complexity and importance in conditions of the fixed classes duration. The methods of mathematical and computer modeling of the learning process are used, as well as the method of stochastic optimization with a return. It presumes creation of the computer program which makes a step in random direction in the multidimensional environment of optimized values and simulates the study of the given set of issues (LMEs) for new study durations. If the test results at the end of training are not better than at the previous step, then the computer returns to the previous state and repeats everything again. If the test results are higher, then the changes of the optimized values are accepted, and the next step is made from the new state. Gradually, the program approaches the optimal values of the study durations for LMEs. The main results of the work include: 1) the computer program which makes it possible to calculate the optimum values of study durations at different distributions of LMEs on the complexity categories; 2) the graphs of the optimal durations for studying LMEs, the student’s knowledge levels of specific LMEs and the total knowledge levels of different importance LMEs depending on their complexity. The theoretical significance of the article is due to the fact that it sets and solves the problem of optimizing the study durations of specific issues (LMEs) that are different in complexity and importance; this problem is a particular optimization task of the mathematical theory of training.

The article analyzes the importance of using the military-historical component in the training of foreign servicemen, the peculiarities of the selection of historical materials, the methodology of working with them, the possibility to use of the received military-historical knowledge, skills and abilities by the trainees in further.

This article discusses the problem of organizing such a form of an interactive teaching method as a discussion in the learning process. The author believes that the discussion is an important way of enhancing the cognitive activity of students, affects the development of thinking, makes it possible to determine the personal position. This method promotes deep assimilation of the material covered and, as a result, the development of creative thinking.

The article discusses the theory and methods of conducting classes. methodology for using the means of technical and programmed training. The principle of systematicity and consistency in conducting classes, the didactic principle of consciousness and activity, the visibility of the developing nature of learning, the theory and methodology of problem-based learning are analyzed.

In the conditions of an information civilization, the processes of globalization and the simultaneous humanization of society, rapid transformations are taking place in the education system. A modern school that legitimizes the right of every child, including those with health impairments, to receive education does not have time to provide the technological component of the multilevel process of learning and upbringing. Younger schoolchildren living through the period of reaching a new level of personal development and adapting to the new requirements of society are particularly vulnerable. Almost all students with health impairments at the initial stage of training have a disorder of school skills in the form of violations of writing (dysgraphia), reading, and general underdevelopment of oral speech. The purpose of our research was to work out a training program that, in addition to speech therapy technologies, would include didactic tools capable of influencing intentional acts of students’ consciousness, thus regulating cognitive activity, and increasing the effectiveness of speech technologies to overcome dysgraphia. The article analyzes interdisciplinary approaches to teaching younger schoolchildren with dysgraphia from the positions of didactics, psychology, logopedics, and neuropsychology. The didactic potential of sense techniques in the form of “sense tasks” is considered. The method of didactic modelling was chosen as the main method of experimental work to assess the effectiveness of the dysgraphia overcoming program using “sense tasks”; among the methods of the empirical level are observation, experiment, and comparison. The research results showed the possibility of a corrective effect on the speech characteristics of younger schoolchildren with dysgraphia by means of a didactic program using “sense tasks”. The best dynamics had schoolchildren with regulatory dysgraphia according to neuropsychological classification, demonstrating the effectiveness of meaning techniques in influencing the emotional, volitional, and cognitive sphere of schoolchildren, ultimately improving the characteristics of programming activities and self-control. Improvements in writing performance were observed in groups with acoustic dysgraphia and dysorthography. The article is of interest to methodologists and teachers of primary education, speech therapists, and neuropsychologists of secondary schools.