Keyword: «junior schoolchildren»

Nowadays there is an urgent problem of difficulties in learning a foreign language by junior schoolchildren. The difficulties occur due to psychological factors, such as age characteristics of junior schoolchildren, perception, motivation, behavioral peculiarities, and problems in emotional and volitional sphere, etc. All these factors have a negative impact on the foreign language learning process. Analysis and consideration of these psychological factors will help in overcoming difficulties and making an effective learning process for junior schoolchildren.

Nutrition is one of the leading factors influencing the formation of physical development and the state of health of children. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the indicators of personal anxiety of younger schoolchildren depending on the nutritional status of children. Object and methods. The study of indicators of personal anxiety in 200 schoolchildren aged 9.5-10.5 years, students of the 4th grades of city schools in Smolensk, divided into 2 groups, depending on anthropometric indicators. The nutritional status of children was assessed on the basis of WHO criteria using the computer program WHO AnthroPlus (2009). The study of personal anxiety of schoolchildren was carried out according to the methodology of A. M. Parishioners (2000). Results. It is established that the development of overweight affects the psychological state of younger schoolchildren, leads to an increase in the indicators of personal anxiety of students. Conclusion. Values of anxiety indicators (general, self-assessment, interpersonal and magical) children with excessive nutritional status statistically significantly exceeded (by 40–70%, p<0.001) similar indicators of students with optimal nutritional status.

The article is devoted to the problem of moral education of younger schoolchildren. The concept of moral education and moral concepts is clarified, the role of literary reading lessons in the formation of moral education of primary school students is characterized, the conditions for working with small folklore genres that contribute to the moral education of younger schoolchildren are determined. Special attention is paid to working with proverbs when reading works of art.

Patriotic education is of particular importance for the modern education system, therefore, new methods and means of achieving this goal are being sought. One of the solutions may be the use of cognitive routes. The text of the article describes the main pedagogical conditions that will help to successfully design cognitive routes. As an example, the development "My city, my pride – Krasnoturinsk" is presented. This educational route can also be adapted for other localities.

The article discusses the results of an empirical study to identify the aptitudes, interests and talents of junior schoolchildren. The results of diagnostics of creative thinking and imagination of children are shown. The study confirmed the identified contradiction between individual capabilities and the demand for their development and the collective nature of learning, which constrains this process.