Valentina I. Dolgova

In the modern world, where cultural diversity is becoming an integral part of public life, the ability to constructively resolve interethnic conflicts is of particular importance. Subjects of education who are at the stage of active personality formation are faced with the need to develop tolerance, empathy and constructive dialogue skills. However, lack of knowledge about other cultures, stereotypical thinking and poorly developed communication skills often become an obstacle to harmonious interaction. This prompted us to conduct a study to identify the level of communicative tolerance among subjects of a multicultural educational environment and to find innovative technologies for its development. The study was conducted based on methodological approaches (cultural-historical, systemic, activity-based, personality-oriented, comprehensive) and principles (scientific nature, effectiveness, consideration of individual characteristics, availability, systematicity, consistency) and included target, theoretical-methodological, diagnostic, morphological, procedural, and result blocks, each of which comprised a set of methods and techniques to achieve its main goals. An empirical study of communicative tolerance of 10th-grade students of the Secondary School No. 10 in Kyshtym (N=36) was conducted using the methods of “Diagnostics of Communicative Tolerance” by V. V. Boyko and “Scale of Ethno-National Attitudes” (O. E. Khukhlaev, I. M. Kuznetsov, N. V. Tkachenko). It revealed an average level of communicative tolerance in most subjects, indicating moderate tolerance for individual differences. Most of the subjects demonstrated an average level of communicative tolerance. Subjects with patriotic attitudes were 36%, with neutral attitudes – 39%, with negative attitudes – 12%, with nationalistic attitudes – 13%. Ethno-national attitudes are predominantly patriotic and neutral, indicating respect for their culture in the absence of a pronounced interest in other ethnic groups. Correlation analysis revealed a link between a possible decrease in neutral ethno-national attitudes and an increase in the propensity for cooperation and communicative tolerance. For the effective resolution of interethnic conflicts, we certainly need complex measures, including the development of tolerance, communication skills and emotional intelligence, the study of cultures, avoidance of stereotypes, the practice of empathy and participation in conflict resolution trainings; the creation of a tolerant environment in the family and cooperation with the school. It is necessary to implement not separate measures, but program-target complexes capable of integrating the efforts of teachers, parents and students to develop communicative tolerance. The obtained results expand the understanding of the causes and prerequisites for the emergence of interethnic conflicts between students of comprehensive schools. The materials of the work and the developed recommendations can be used in mass practice by school psychologists and other employees of educational institutions for the purpose of conflict correction.

One of the topical scientific and practical problems of our time is the identification of the potential opportunities of the emotional sphere of a lawyer. The purpose of the article is to study the effects of conflict interaction among college students (law majors) and develop pedagogical technologies to prevent their constructive deformation. The study was conducted in three stages: a) search and preparatory (theoretical study of psychological and pedagogical literature, selection of methods for conducting a diagnostic experiment. Methods were selected taking into account age characteristics and research topics); b) experimental (conducting a diagnostic experiment, interpreting the results). Methods: "САН" – diagnostics of health, activity, mood (V. A. Doskin, N. A. Lavrentyeva, V. B. Sharay, M. P. Miroshnikov); "Self-assessment of the emotional state" (G. Yu. Aizenk); c) control and summarizing stage (analysis and generalization of the results of the study, working out recommendations for correcting the emotional states of participants in the process of protecting consumer rights). Theoretical methods: literature analysis, synthesis, concretization, generalization; empirical: diagnostic experiment, testing. An empirical study was conducted on the basis of Chelyabinsk Bureau of Legal Assistance LLC. The study involved students of the South Ural State College (jurisprudence). They were 19-20 years old. In general, according to the results of the diagnostic experiment, it was found that the emotional state of trainees was characterized by such negative manifestations as: a middle level of aggressiveness, anxiety, frustration, rigidity. These negative manifestations should be eliminated in the course of practical training, since it is an important stage in the personal development of a specialist and the formation of a value attitude to the professional field of activity. For this purpose, a Program has been developed, the system-forming element of which is the elective course "Consulting on the protection of consumer rights." The objectives and tasks of the elective course: to give an idea of the technological aspects of the process of consulting on consumer protection; to form practical skills on the organization and implementation of consulting on consumer protection. Tasks: learning the essence and content of consulting activities for the protection of consumer rights; training in the theory and practice of consulting on consumer protection using professional consultants; reviewing knowledge and development of skills in consumer protection. The curriculum of the discipline "Consulting on the protection of consumer rights" is 36 hours, including lectures – 16, practical classes 8, independent work 12 and a test. Educational and thematic plan includes five sections: Definition and objectives of the consumer protection counseling process; Subjects and objects of consumer protection consulting; Types and forms of consulting on the protection of consumer rights; The structure of the consumer protection consultation process; The role and place of the consultant in the process of consulting on the protection of consumer rights; Evaluation of the effectiveness of consulting services.

In the context of an unstable epidemiological environment, a person has to adapt to changes in communication, and especially in older adolescent age, when the self-consciousness and personality of a teenager is being formed. Purpose of the article: to study psychologically safe communications of older adolescents in an unstable epidemiological situation. Methods and techniques: theoretical (analysis and generalization of psychological and pedagogical literature, goal-setting, modeling); empirical (diagnostic and forming experiments, testing according to two methods of diagnosing interpersonal relations by T. Leary, diagnosing the personal predisposition to conflict behavior by K. Thomas). Experimental research was conducted on the basis of the South Ural State Institute of Arts named after P.I. Tchaikovsky, Chelyabinsk. The experiment involved second-year students of the choreographic department (n = 21). According to the course curator, there are both leaders and children who are not popular with their classmates in the group, there are micro groups. Based on the data obtained, the strategies of behavior in a conflict situation among students in this class by predominance can be distributed as follows: the first position (the most often used strategy) is adaptation. Avoidance is ranked second, compromise is third, cooperation is fourth, and rivalry is fifth. This indicates that adolescents in this class either infringe on their interests completely or achieve them partially, or avoid solving the problem altogether, which means that they do not strive to achieve their goals. Adolescents manifest to varying degrees all strategies of behavior in relation to the others: avoidance, adaptation, compromise, cooperation, rivalry. The most obvious strategies are: adaptation, avoidance and compromise. This indicates that adolescents in this group either infringe on their interests completely or achieve them partially, or avoid solving the problem at all, which means that they have no desire to achieve their goals. The data obtained indicate the possible tendency among adolescents to cooperate, to be flexible and compromise when solving problems in conflict situations, to be responsive, responsible towards people, and at the same time to be persistent and insistent. Based on the results obtained, the authors give psychological and pedagogical recommendations for the development of a targeted program, taking into account the age and psychological characteristics of adolescents, for the formation of psychologically safe communication, as well as recommendations for parents and teachers on optimizing the psychologically safe communication of older adolescents.

The changes taking place everywhere require the ability to have non-standard, creative thinking, the skill to solve complex problems quickly, as well as to adapt to rapidly changing conditions. In this regard, the society is forming a socio-economic demand for the formation of a creatively active imagination from an early age. In response to this highly relevant request, the influence of imagination on the development and formation of the child's personality, including his aggressiveness, is more and more discussed in the pedagogical literature. The purpose of the study: to identify the influence of imagination on the aggressiveness of older preschoolers and to substantiate the methods of its pedagogical correction. Research stages: search and preparation (the psychological and pedagogical literature on the research problem was studied; methods and techniques for further empirical study were selected); experiment (selection of an experimental site – educational institution Kindergarten No. 332, Chelyabinsk); selection of participants in the experiment and their preparation (n = 65); measures were worked out for conducting an ascertaining experiment; control and generalization - the results were interpreted according to P. Torrance's method of identifying the level of imagination "Draw a picture" and the method of diagnosing aggressive behavior by O. Ilenko; mathematical and statistical processing of the results was carried out using rs-coefficient of Spearman's rank correlation. As a result, it was found that 25% of preschoolers have a high level of imagination and 25% have a low level of aggressiveness in behavior; 60% have an average level of imagination and 60% - an average level of aggressiveness in behavior; 15% have a low level of imagination and 15% - a high level of aggressiveness in behavior. The calculation of the Spearman's coefficient confirmed a significant relationship between imagination and the level of aggressive behavior in older preschoolers. The novelty of the study can be seen in the original sample of preschoolers, in the time of their special development during the COVID-19 pandemic, in the selection of methods for studying the problem. In addition, there were no exceptions in the sample caused by childhood psychopathology and functional disorders, which are predicted by irritability of preschool age. The main conclusions are combined into two groups, and they are reflected in the selection of existing methodological recommendations for teachers and parents: firstly, this is a clarification of the conclusions about social interaction, and secondly, this is a clarification of the conclusions about preventive measures and pedagogical correction of aggressiveness in preschool age children. The provisions relating to the issues of correcting the imagination and aggressive behavior of preschoolers took a special place in the process of compiling recommendations.

The priority goal of education in a modern school is the development of a person with highly developed interrelated cognitive processes. Purpose: to identify the characteristics of the relationship between the properties of attention and the academic performance of fourth grade students, conditioned by the educational process in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, to work out a program for the development of attention and draw up appropriate methodological recommendations. The ascertaining experiment was carried out on the basis of the secondary school No. 21 in Ozersk, Chelyabinsk region (N = 70 people, of which 28 students of the fourth grade: 15 girls, 13 boys) using three tests (“Remember and dot” by R. S. Nemov, Pieron-Ruser test, “Schulte Tables”), diagnostics of academic performance in the electronic journal and report card, rank correlation coefficient by Ch. E. Spearman. The results show that more than a third of students (36%) have low and below average levels of concentration, stability and attention span. The calculation of the rank correlation coefficient by Ch. E. Spearman confirmed direct correlations (high level of attention properties correlates with high academic performance). Carrying out an ascertaining experiment and subsequent analysis of the results obtained made it possible to work out a program (20 lessons, 2 lessons per week) and draw up psychological and pedagogical recommendations for the development of the attention properties of fourth-grade students. The purpose of the program: the development of the attention properties (stability, concentration, span) of fourth-grade students. The objectives of the program: to develop the properties of attention, mental skills, fine motor skills of the hands, perseverance and the ability to concentrate. The content of the program is determined on the basis of following after the content of the same program for preschoolers. Methodological recommendations include several integrative areas of pedagogical activity (selection of exercises, creation of pedagogical conditions for their implementation, creation of a favorable psychological climate, individual work with students, organization of complex joint work of teachers and parents).