Keyword: «value orientations»

The article substantiates the need to study the moral and legal aspect of the problem of abuse of law. The article contains an indication of the need to ensure moral and legal security of the Russian state and society through the formation of a mechanism of counteraction (prevention) to the abuse of law.

In the conditions of modern hybrid information warfare, it is important to be in the right system of value coordinates for every person. Modern young people must be protected from the negative informational and psychological impact of the media by fostering their informational and psychological stability based on the developed value-meaning sphere. This article discusses the issues of the formation of spiritual and moral values and life orientations among cadets serving in the internal affairs bodies. Patriotic indoctrination is considered by the authors as the most relevant area of work with the police personnel. At the same time, one of the priority areas of pedagogy is the improvement of methods and technologies for the formation of a sense of patriotism and the spiritual and moral sphere of a person. The value and life-meaning orientations of the cadets were chosen as the object of the study. The aim of the study is to characterize the specifics of the life-meaning orientations of cadets who want to become police officers, and to provide data from experimental work conducted on the basis of traditional spiritual and moral values on the formation of a sense of patriotism as the personal value basis of police cadets. The work has practical value for the activities of the internal affairs bodies in terms of patriotic and spiritual and moral education of young police officers. The theoretical significance of the article lies in clarifying the place and role of patriotism in the value structure of a person and in analyzing current research areas in the field of spiritual and moral education of youth. The authors draw reasonable conclusions about the reasons for the assessment of certain values importance by police officers. The respondents' responses show that preservice police officers consciously made their professional choice, deciding to devote their lives to serving the community, and becoming involved in ensuring the national interests of our Fatherland. The overwhelming majority of subjects possess the necessary set of values that allow cadets to develop a patriotically oriented worldview.

The relevance of the study is dictated by the high practical significance of the study of axiological aspects of the problem of deficiencies in the professional development of teachers in order to predict and eliminate the risks of their deskilling in the educational space of a special (correctional) educational institution and the fragmentary nature of its study. The aim of the article is to theoretically substantiate, identify and discuss the results of the study of axiological deficiencies in the professional development of teachers. The axiological approach, as applied to the professional development of teachers, makes it possible to focus on the internal value-meaning determination of this process, unfolding in self-education, self-cognition, improvement of oneself, one's inner world, personal qualities and professional competences. The theoretical analysis of the problem allowed us to find out that the axiological deficit in the professional development of teachers is manifested in the absence of orientations toward continuous development of professional competences in the hierarchy of teachers' values, with the dominance of values that limit the subjective involvement of the teacher in the processes of professional development. Axiological deficiencies in the professional development of teachers in a correctional school were identified and analyzed in the course of the empirical study. These were the rejection by teachers of value orientations toward public recognition and creativity, as well as an indifferent attitude toward the values of productive life, development and knowledge. The authors found and interpreted correlations between the indicators of value orientations and the factors of professional development of teachers. The results obtained allow us to conclude that the professional development of teachers is mediated by their value orientations, which determine the direction, content and sustainability of this process. The theoretical significance of the obtained results consists in the development of scientific ideas in the issues of phenomenology and structural-content analysis of the professional development of teachers and its deficiencies of an axiological nature. The obtained results of the study can be in demand in the practice of the heads of educational organizations and heads of school methodological associations when planning individual educational routes of teaching staff.

The relevance of this research stems from the necessity, under conditions of digital transformation in education and the erosion of traditional values, to develop scientifically grounded didactic criteria adapted to the content of the "Foundations of Russian Statehood" (FRS) course and contemporary educational realities. Overcoming this contradiction will facilitate the formation of a patriotically-minded generation and, consequently, strengthen national security. The objective of the study is to develop and substantiate a system of didactic criteria for the effective teaching of the FRS course in higher education institutions. This system is designed to ensure the unity of educational and formative objectives. The object of the study is the educational practice of implementing the FRS course in universities. The subject is the system of didactic criteria. The design of the system of didactic criteria employed the following methods: pedagogical observation, expert assessment of teaching practices, construction of conceptual maps of value orientations, and interpretation of visual materials. These methods enabled the identification of key didactic criteria ensuring the effectiveness of course delivery and its alignment with modern educational demands. The research has identified and detailed specific didactic criteria. These include: alignment of course content with the value orientations of traditional Russian society; utilization of active learning methods; ensuring interdisciplinary connections; development of critical thinking skills and civic engagement. The developed criteria system allows for the adaptation of the educational process to current socio-cultural conditions while maintaining teaching quality and fostering the development of a socially responsible generation. This study lays the groundwork for developing unified methodological recommendations for teaching the course. The theoretical significance of the study lies in its contribution to the methodology of teaching socio-humanitarian disciplines. The practical significance of applying these criteria is evident in: adapting the learning process to educational realities, enabling flexible responses to social and cultural challenges while preserving educational quality; developing applied skills in designing social initiatives; serving as a tool for personnel policy, aiding in the identification of students with leadership potential and a motivationally-oriented civic stance.

This article examines the social and personal significance of volunteerism, as well as its motivation among adolescents. Existing research on similar topics is reviewed to correlate findings and reflect on the results, as well as the historical experience of volunteer and charitable practices. The research methodology utilized interviews with volunteers from among the members of the Council of the First of the Smolensk Region.