Tatyana Arhipova

The problem of improving the formation of the business speech culture among cadets in military universities makes teachers think about choosing the most effective pedagogical ways. The purpose of this article is to characterize one of these ways through the use of a system of developmental exercises and tasks. According to the author of the article, the following pedagogical conditions can ensure the implementation of this approach: the gradual introduction of knowledge on the culture of business speech with a gradual complication of the studied material; pedagogical training and retraining of teachers of military universities to implement the formation of a culture of business speech among cadets based on a communicative activity-oriented approach to training; making a "team" of teachers who carry out this process of training cadets based on a communicative activity-oriented approach to training. The characteristics of the pedagogical way considered in the article and the conditions that provide it are closely related to the scientific task of the study, which consists in developing scientific and applied provisions for the formation of a culture of business speech among cadets of military universities based on the development and improvement of their general culture, the culture of military-professional communication, public speaking skills and competent writing of business texts of various genres, the assimilation of ethical and legal norms, strengthening the moral consciousness of future officers. Exercises and tasks were selected from the point of view of traditional, problem-based and communicative activity-oriented approaches to learning. The communicative activity-oriented approach was chosen as the main one in the study. The system of developing exercises and tasks involves a gradual increase in the level of knowledge, skills and abilities of students in the process of studying business speech by complicating the nature of the proposed material and the forms of its presentation in accordance with the main components of the culture of business speech (military-professional, regulatory, moral and ethical). When conducting classes on the culture of business speech based on the methodology of a certain approach, the formation of imitative, modeling and spontaneous skills of cadets is taken into account. The theoretical significance of the article consists in determining scientific approaches to the formation of a culture of business speech among cadets of military universities. The theoretical conclusions of the work can be used as a scientific basis for further research in the field of improving the quality of cultural, speech and professional training of military specialists. The practical significance of the results obtained lies in the possibility of using the material of the article by scientists conducting research in the field of military-professional and business communication, as well as those interested in the problems of self-improvement of pedagogical culture and methodological skills.

The study of business speech culture forming process among cadets of military universities allowed the authors of the article to put forward and experimentally prove the hypothesis that for the effective planning and implementing of this pedagogical process, it is necessary to optimize its methodology and technology by motivating students to work independently. The purpose of the article is to analyze the role and significance of students' motivation for independent work and the conditions for its formation when teaching them the culture of business speech. According to the authors of the article, motivation for independent work results in positive perception of the studied material by students, activates their experience of self-actualization of speech activity development, promotes the desire for independent search and creative approach in the process of business speech culture forming. The authors of the article believe that the following conditions are necessary to create motivation for independent work of cadets: to take into account internal and external motives of students and to form a team of teachers that would contribute to the development of students’ motivation. Independent learning of cadets is considered as a special type of speech activity that requires not only the development of certain personal traits and qualities, but also the formation of a system of views, beliefs, needs and psychological attitudes, i.e. motivation. In their study, the authors use a communicative activity-oriented approach in teaching military University cadets the culture of business speech. The article identifies the difficulties of optimizing the methodology and technology of teaching business speech culture in modern higher military schools, and also provides specific recommendations for solving this problem. The practical significance of the results obtained is the possibility of using the article by scientists conducting research in the field of business communication and military professional education to optimize the methodology and technology of training based on the motivation of students to work independently.

The article emphasizes the relevance of the problem of teaching military universities cadets the culture of business speech based on a communicative-activity oriented approach to learning. The authors show how the use of communicative-activity oriented approach gives an opportunity to implement the process of business communication culture formation among military universities cadets on the fundamental principles of developing training (training at a high level of difficulty, comprehension of the learning process by the cadets, high speed of material study, scientific and systematic principles, etc.). The purpose of the article is to analyze the theory and practice of teaching Russian military universities cadets the culture of business speech, as well as to characterize the ways and conditions of its effective implementation. The authors of the article consider to be the most promising implementation of this pedagogical process on the basis of communicative-activity oriented approach to training, which ensures its compliance with the requirements of more and more complicated military-professional business communication. The level of business speech culture formation (reproductive, productive, creative) among cadets of military universities, as well as groups of their skills (imitative, modeling and spontaneous) act as a result of the process of business speech culture formation on the basis of communicative and activity oriented approach to training. The article describes the characteristics of the pedagogical process under study and shows the correlation of the acquired knowledge and skills developed in the process of business speech culture formation with organizational-thinking, organizational-communicative and organizational-practical stages of training. The authors give examples of various kinds of business games use that contribute to the improvement of speech activity of cadets in the conditions of military-professional business communication. At the same time, the article emphasizes the compliance of knowledge acquired by cadets with normative, communicative and ethical aspects of business speech culture. The results and conclusions of the study expand the understanding of such concepts as "speech activity", "culture of business speech and business communication of servicemen", "business game", "communicative-activity oriented approach to training". The article may be interesting to scientists conducting research both in the field of business communication and in the field of professional military education.

Business speech culture formation among cadets of military higher education institutions is one of the relevant problems in the system of higher military education. In accordance with FSES of higher professional education, the graduates of military higher education institutions of the Russian Army should know the principles of business speech culture, contributing to the formation of business communication culture and general culture of servicemen, that would ensure their successful military-professional activity as officers in future. The purpose of this article is to do a review of establishment and development of business speech culture formation problem in domestic psychological and pedagogical literature, to compare the modern educational process in higher military school with the foundations laid in pedagogics at the end of XIX – first half XX centuries, and to analyze scientific researches concerning this problem over the past decades, to define the essence, content and structure of business speech culture formation process among the cadets of military universities, as well as to identify ways and conditions for the effective implementation of this pedagogical process. On the basis of theoretical analysis and generalization of scientific literature, it was noted that business speech culture formation process from the point of view of its essence, content and structure was considered in the works of modern Russian scientists in different aspects: speech culture formation, speech skills, public speech skills, communicative competence, mastering speech activity of both secondary and higher educational institutions trainees. The results of psychological and pedagogical research analysis in higher military school showed that the cultural speech aspect has always been the focus of attention of scientists and it was considered in the study of various problems: from historical and pedagogical analysis of military education in Russia of XVIII-early XX century and its humanization to training officers for achieving psychological and information superiority over the enemy. The analysis of various approaches of researchers to this problem made it possible to justify the author's view on the essence, content and structure of the pedagogical process of business speech culture formation among cadets of military schools and to determine the ways and conditions of its effective implementation. The most promising way seems to be the implementation of this pedagogical process on the basis of a communicative-activity approach to learning, which ensures its adequacy to the requirements of complex military-professional business communication. The results and conclusions of this study expand the understanding of such concepts as "speech activity", "business speech", " business speech and business communication culture of military personnel" and are aimed at improving the educational process in military universities of the Russian Federation in the context of the communicative-activity approach to learning. The article may be interesting for scientists conducting research both in the field of business communication and in the field of military-professional education in general.