Keyword: «formation»

This article is devoted to the problem of ethnic tolerance in the senior adolescence. Ethnic tolerance is considered as a person's ability to tolerate the unfamiliar way of life of representatives of other ethnic communities, their behavior, national traditions, customs, feelings, opinions of ideas, beliefs. Senior adolescence is defined as a sensitive period to the formation of ethnic tolerance. The importance of socio-psychological training in the formation of positive components of ethnic self-awareness of older adolescents as a means of forming ethnic tolerance in older adolescents has been determined.

The urgency of the problem under study is in an attempt to design the formation model of scientific creative potential of a master's level student in the context of this process concept. To immerse the future master in the innovative educational environment of the university, it is necessary to develop his scientific and creative potential. However, the conceptual provisions of the graduate student scientific and creative potential formation process are insufficiently substantiated in the theory and practice of higher education pedagogy; it is necessary to settle issues of the development of scientific potential concept formation. The purpose of the work is to acquaint readers with the theoretical and practical aspects of designing the model of modern graduate students’ scientific creative potential formation. The leading approach to the study of the problem is the design of a graduate student’s scientific creative potential formation. The following approaches and principles are chosen as a conceptual basis for designing: the system-target approach, the principles of consistency and goal-setting; personality-oriented approach and the principle of cultural and historical development; a subject-oriented approach, including the principle of personality subjectivity; anthropological approach, including the principles of eventfulness, nature conformance, cultural congruence; synergistic-integrative approach and the principles of differentiation, synergism and integration; competence-oriented approach. The leading approach is subject-oriented one, based on a graduate student’s subjectivity development principle. The main results of the article are in designing the formation of scientific creative potential of the modern graduate student based on the working out indicative markers (indicators) of this process success, which consists in creating conditions for the development of the graduate student as a subject of research and practical scientific activity. The theoretical and practical significance of the article lies in working out components and indicators of the master's level student’s scientific creative potential formation in the discourse of this process concept. The practical significance of the study lies in the adaptability and focus on improving the quality of master's education.

The article is devoted to the issue of thinking, in particular, to pedagogical thinking as a teacher’s professional ability not only to comprehend, analyze, summarize, evaluate educational practice, but also to create pedagogical theories and concepts, as well as to make methodological discoveries, actively, creatively and effectively carry out education and teaching. The author talks about the use of a variety of didactic tools, the main of which are pedagogical tasks, or pedagogical situations. The article reveals the method of specific situations, which are a fragment of problem-based learning. The article touches upon the questions concerning the criteria that determine the choice of educational pedagogical tasks. Discussing the issue of the effectiveness of various methods, the author argues that they can contribute to the formation of active learning activities of students, the formation of a certain type of thinking, as well as stimulate their intellectual potential and motivation to study subjects.

Radical changes taking place in the domestic education in the conditions of digitalization and standardization make theorists and practitioners scrutinize the scientific and theoretical foundations and value-oriented guidelines for the formation of personal culture in pre-school educational organizations, since there is a change in the general paradigm of pre-school students education by means of modern technologies use. This determines the purpose of the study: to identify modern approaches, key values (goals, components, criteria, mechanisms, technologies) for the formation of personal culture and features of the organization of work in this direction with children of preschool age. The research is based on the analysis, generalization and systematization of modern achievements of pedagogical theory and practice of preschool education on the issues of formation of the main components of personal culture from the positions of axiological, complex system and cultural approaches. The author presents the main components of the general personal culture (the culture of activity, communication, speech, speaking on the telephone, behavior in public places, table manners, life, leisure, gender behavior, health, information, environmental and legal culture), justifies a variable component that takes into account the temporary and non-temporary priorities of work in this direction, and also describes the purpose and key criteria for their formation of each component, taking into account the specifics of preschool childhood, requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard and priorities for the development of the information society. The article presents in detail the key mechanisms of personal culture formation in preschool children (identification; imitation; interiorization-exteriorization of ethical concepts, formation of cultural congruence and normative disposition), as well as justifies the importance of activity-type technologies for successful work in this direction, taking into account the requirements of the FSES and the prospects of digitalization (technology of guest days organization, cultural practices for the child, gaming and interactive pedagogical technologies, «Portfolio» technology, etc.).