Keyword: «adaptation»

The article discusses the peculiarities of adaptation of young children to the conditions of preschool educational institutions, presents the types of adaptation to kindergarten, characterizes each of the types, presents methodological recommendations to parents during the period of adaptation of the child.

The article assesses the potential of using cultural universals in relation to building intercultural communication of foreign military personnel undergoing training in military universities of the Russian Feder-ation, identifying the features of the use of cultural universals for inculturation of foreign military personnel in the professional and social environment of a military university.

Currently, the value of experience has been accumulated in the use of interactive methods in university education. Their application in the first year is associated with a number of difficulties due to the different level of knowledge, skills and abilities acquired during the previous training, the change of its format, the lack of interpersonal relations formation. The study of the preparatory stage for interactive learning is relevant, during which the specified educational, adaptive and communicative tasks should be solved. The purpose of the article is to justify the necessity and study the process of preparing first–year students for interactive learning. The following research methods were used: systematic survey, interview and testing of students; pedagogical observation; statistical processing of results. It is found that traditional and active methods are effective at the initial stage of training, the use of which contributes to the formation of basic knowledge, skills and abilities necessary for their further development and improvement in an interactive format; gradual adaptation to university forms and methods of teaching, a new learning environment, which allows you to eliminate psycho-emotional discomfort. For the establishment of communication between the participants of the educational process, the optimal style of pedagogical communication is important, which should create the best conditions for the development of students' motivation and the creative nature of educational activities, provide a favorable emotional climate. The personality of the teacher is the main tool for the implementation of pedagogical activity. An effective means of establishing stable communicative relationships between students is working in small groups and using group interaction to study the material. Indicators of readiness for interactive learning are: the availability of knowledge, skills and abilities of their application to solving specific tasks; the active position of students during the educational process; the students' desire to perfect themselves in educational and social terms. The practical significance of the work is due to the methodologically competent design of the educational process in the context of the implementation of competence-oriented educational programs.

This article is devoted to the problem of adaptation of first-year students after two months of study at the university. The theoretical analysis of the concepts of adaptation, factors of successful adaptation is carried out. A group of 22 students took part in the study. According to the results of the research, it is concluded that the adaptation of first-year students is an important psychological, pedagogical and social problem, the solution of which determines the quality of vocational education and identification with the characteristics and values of the profession being mastered.

The article presents a study of the relationship between the quality of the child's attachment to the mother, the nature of interaction in the dyad and the course of adaptation to preschool in young children. 37 pupils and their parents took part in the study. The following research methods were used: analysis of adaptation sheets; conversation with educators aimed at identifying the features of the child's adaptation period, as well as manifestations of attachment to parents; monitoring the behavior of children in a group (including when meeting and parting with their mother, during free play, communication with adults and peers); parents' questionnaires in order to identify the peculiarities of adaptation and the nature of attachment to the mother. The results of the study showed that a favorable course of adaptation occurs in children with reliable attachment and with a high level of emotional interaction between mother and child. Unfavorable adaptation is noted in children with unreliable attachment and a lack of positive emotional interaction and mother-to-child attitude.