№ 10 (October)

The 21 century is the century of innovative development of preschool education system, when the quality of education is determined by the level of innovative activities of preschool educational institutions. Radical changes, taking place in the domestic preschool education, made theorists and practitioners scrutinize the innovative processes and define scientific and theoretical foundations of innovation management in preschool educational institutions. This defined the purpose of the study: to determine the features, modern approaches, principles and mechanisms of innovation processes management in modern preschool educational institutions. The article presents an overview of the main achievements of pedagogical theory and practices for management innovations in the field of preschool education. The author systematizes the information about the main models of origin and values of the innovation process continuous development in preschool educational organizations from the viewpoint of system, process and qualimetry approaches, describes the main functions (information analysis, design, methodological, organizational, motivational and target, monitoring, diagnostic and prognostic) and management principles (directive regulation of rights and options of pre-school organizations as an innovative system, integration, comprehensiveness, creativity and flexibility, marketing orientation, manageability, system and context orientation, functionality). The author presents the main subsystems of innovative preschool organizations(objects and subjects of management, information product as a result of innovation), new mechanisms of innovative processes management in the kindergarten (innovation management and marketing, innovative methodological work, innovative management technologies and management innovations that are significantly different from current practice and for the first time used in a specific educational organization (e.g., a three-level technology of innovation management, technology of qualimetrical evaluation, etc.).

The urgency of the problem of legal culture formation among pupils of educational institutions for orphans and children left without parental care is due to the need to form their legal consciousness, active life position, the ability to regulate the behavior in all spheres of social life. Pupils of an institution for orphans and children left without parental care, deprived of parental support, unlike their peers who are brought up in full-fledged families, are more exposed to the negative impact of the environment of certain society members, both peers and adults. This may stipulate conditions for their antisocial behavior. Therefore, orphans who are brought up in institutions of this type, require a more careful attitude and full support of teachers in the educational process, including the field of their legal culture formation. Taking into account the social status of such children, it is necessary to work out the technology that contributes to the successful formation of their legal culture. Thus, the purpose of this article is to reveal the essence and content of legal culture, the main components of legal culture, pedagogical conditions contributing to the formation of legal culture in the educational environment of the institution for orphans and children left without parental care. Methods of research are interviews, testing, observation, and pedagogical experiment. The author analyzed and used the research results of Russian and foreign scientists, revealing the essence and content of legal culture, the main components of legal culture, summarized the best experience of many practices in the field of psychology and pedagogy, dealing with the problem of legal culture formation. The article defines the components of legal culture: cognitive, behavioral, emotional-value and motivational-evaluative ones. These components correspond to a certain level and indicator of legal culture formation in the context of the research problem. The results of the experiment presented in this article bring new elements to the existing approaches to the problem of pupils’ legal culture formation, as well as complement the theory and methodology of general education. The practical significance of the study is in generalization and systematization of the best practices, the results may be used to solve the problem of legal culture formation and introduced into the educational process of institutions of various types.

The urgency of the problem is caused by the need to integrate the Russian higher education system into the world educational space and to ensure the export of Russian higher education. For successful social and professional adaptation of graduates of Russian universities, it is important to synchronize educational programs implemented in Russia and abroad. This problem is especially important for PhD programs, which are widely distributed in foreign universities, but do not have an official status in the Russian Federation. The purpose of the article: to determine the prospects for PhD programs in the Russian Federation on the basis of studying the nature and characteristics of these programs implemented abroad, and to generalize the experience of their implementation in a number of Russian higher education institutions. The leading methods of the problem study were theoretical analysis and generalization of the educational practice of implementing PhD programs, as well as methods for studying information provided on official websites of higher education institutions and analyzing local normative legal acts of universities in terms of positioning PhD programs. The article reveals a set of theoretical provisions that determine the nature and characteristics of PhD programs, defines the basic principles for their implementation, and identifies the main types of PhD programs in relation to programs for training highly qualified personnel in post-graduate school. The type and characteristics of these programs are considered based on the analysis of information about PhD programs presented on the official sites of a number of higher education institutions, as well as features of their implementation and characteristics of documents issued after the completion of the program. The prospects of PhD programs are determined, related to the complex implementation of their potential (opportunities). The materials of the article may be useful for the modernization of training programs for highly qualified personnel that ensure the integration of the Russian higher education system into the world educational space.

The purpose of the article is to present results of the research on the development of educational practices for the preservation of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) indigenous peoples’ identity. The relevance of the study is dictated by the issues of active industrial development of the region, affecting all spheres of life of the indigenous peoples of the Republic, including education. In our study, we rely on a number of methodological approaches: system approach, involving a complex, comprehensive study of upbringing problem in regional education; integrative approach, allowing to use interdisciplinary potential of engineering, pedagogy, native language/culture, foreign language education. Educational practices in the cultural context of the region are aimed at their correlation with the plans of the region and the country participation in the global integration processes. The objectives of the study include the preservation of students' national identity within the all-Russia society. The specifics of the region are associated with migration of the population, transformation of value orientations, the existing features of the way of life in the Arctic and Northern regions of the Republic, in contrast to the central or southern ones, natural bilingualism and multilingualism. The introduction of innovative educational practices in the educational process of preserving the identity of the indigenous peoples of the RS (Y), taking into account the cultural context of the region, contributes to the strengthening of social capital of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), to the formation of value orientations of the younger generation. Modern digital technologies, availability of the Internet, active use of social networks allow students to be aware of what is happening in our country and in the world, so traditional educational practices must be combined with innovative ones to increase motivation and interest in learning, preserving their native land. The introduction of innovative educational practices of preservation and development of the identity of the indigenous peoples of the RS (Y) in the conditions of industrial development of the Arctic and the Far North, taking into account the cultural, historical, linguistic and economic contexts of the region, will contribute to the strengthening of the social capital of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), the preservation and development of ethnic and civil identity of students, the formation of value orientations, attitudes, productive patterns of behavior for the younger generation.

Improving the education quality of future professional training bachelors can be achieved by constructing a unified education system, integrating the opportunities of all general and professional disciplines. The use of coaching in the educational process becomes significant and appropriate. The coaching method is used in sports, business, psychology, and economics as a way to improve results. The great potential of coaching allows expanding the range of its use in education, in particular, in the field of teaching the history of fine arts. Its application will help to increase students' motivation to learn, to increase their professional competences, to improve the effectiveness of the subject-subject relations of the teacher and student, to provide conditions for creativity in individual and collective work, to provide freedom of ways to perform learning tasks, to monitor student achievements. With this in mind, the purpose of the article is to propose methodology for using coaching in teaching history of fine arts and to prove its effectiveness. The authors highlighted the basic stages of coaching: goal setting; reality check; options for action and the will to act. The last stage involves the following activities: working out a route map of the lesson, making a presentation about artists, preparing an artist’s portfolio, filling out a student’s portfolio, playing a game, preparing an essay, working with official sources — museum sites, studying reproductions of paintings, analytic work. The effectiveness of using the coaching method is demonstrated by the results of an experiment conducted on the basis of the engineering-technological faculty of the Elabuga Institute of Kazan Federal University. The results were evaluated by the following criteria: 1) the average number of references to the artist by one student; 2) the maximum and minimum number of artists mentioned by one student; 3) the number of artists mentioned by students at least once; 4) the number of references to periods of fine arts history. The experimental group showed marked improvement of the results, which proves the effectiveness of using the coaching method in teaching history of fine arts. The theoretical significance of the study is due to the fact that it discusses the features of using the coaching method in teaching history of fine arts. The practical significance of the study lies in the fact that the obtained results will improve the quality of future professional training bachelors in the field of fine arts. The study showed that the coaching method has a rather large potential as a method of teaching history of fine arts.

The glaring contradictions observed today in the field of synonymy study at school consist in discrepancy of requirements to knowledge, abilities, skills and subject competences which have to be formed in this language area, and the real level of the given phenomenon understanding by pupils due to very limited time of its consideration and the narrow range of studied aspects. This explains the importance of continuing the methodological search for improvement and intensification of the system of work with synonymy at different stages of school philological education, emphasizes the relevance of the study. Thus, the purpose of this article is to identify the actual problems of studying synonymy in modern school and to determine ways of solving them by means of innovative technologies. A comprehensive approach to the methodological understanding of synonymy was used during the study, based on the combination of all modern approaches to the organization and content of school linguistic education: personality-oriented, practice-oriented, system-activity, competence approaches. As a result of the study, we offer an innovative system of work with synonymy in the middle and high school on the basis of cooperative interaction of students. The effectiveness of this interaction, enhanced by the problematization of learning as an essential element of interactive technology, is shown at different stages of learning educational material: at the stage of its introduction, consolidation, systematic repetition. The interactive learning technology has great potential for a radical transformation of learning synonymy, because it is able to integrate the elements of other technologies mutually complement and reinforce the training effect of each other on a new quality level since they are aimed at achievement of the common goal, but have unique opportunities in the updating of educational material, in the organization of students’ observation and research, in representation of results and analytical discussion. The article contains specific methodological recommendations and general theoretical conclusions, it may be interesting for scientists and methodologists involved in the optimization of school learning lexical phenomena, and for teachers-practitioners.

One of the leading problems at the present stage of educational system development in Russia is the problem of organizing interaction of economy and society with an educational system, as well as imparting to this system new qualities (such as adaptability and flexibility). In the government program of the Russian Federation "Development of education" for 2013 – 2020, they assign a task of formation the flexible system of continuous education, accountable to society, which will develop the human potential of a child and satisfy the current and perspective requirements of social and economic development of the state. That accounts for urgency of the undertaken research and its purpose: 1) to reveal problems which appear during development the adaptive network educational environment, providing the solution of the set tasks; 2) to analyze the existing domestic and foreign experience of adaptive network educational environment development. The article is prepared with the use of the following methods: theoretical analysis and synthesis of domestic and foreign literature on a research problem, pedagogical observation, modeling method at the description of approaches to development and components of the adaptive information and educational environment. The main results of the research are the analytical report about the condition of modern science concerning topical issues and problems of development information and educational environment of educational institution, specification of the concepts "subject" and "object" at network interaction within the adaptive information and educational environment. The theoretical importance of article consists in the analysis of the leading approaches to a problem of the adaptive information and educational environment formation. The author highlights the approaches to the organization of adaptive information and education environment with elements of network interaction (system, complex, individual, personality- oriented, positive, and humanistic approaches). Basic provisions and conclusions may be used in the course of research and educational personnel training and at advanced training courses for lecturers of higher education institutions, and young teachers.

Professional career and social success of school graduates in the future depend greatly on the early choice of future profession. This vocational choice determines subsequent professional mobility. The right vocational choice is the most important condition for a young person to launch a professional career successfully. Moreover, it is as an urgent government task to educate a competitive professional. Teachers play the leading role in the professional socialization of high school students. Teachers may use various forms of vocational guidance, including innovative ones, to achieve career-oriented goals. Today, innovative vocational guidance work is an urgent pedagogical issue of the special significance. Nowadays, one of the innovative forms of vocational guidance is vocation trials, which make it possible for schoolchildren to learn professional tasks specific to a particular profession and to try the elements of particular type of labor activities. Thus, schoolchildren acquire practical experience of ‘immersion’ to the profession, which allows them to make the informed choice in favor of a particular profession. The purpose of the paper is to describe the methodology of designing vocation trials. Moreover, the authors present the experiment results obtained during the specific vocation trial “profession of a photographer”. This study uses the following scientific methods: monographic analysis, modeling of pedagogical processes, questioning and analysis of the vocation trials results. During the monographic analysis the authors specify the “vocation trial’ concept and show various points of view on its interpretation. The paper analyzes realization of vocation trials and describes authors’ approach to the design and implementation of the vocation trial “profession of a photographer”. The results of the study clearly demonstrate that vocation trials help schoolchildren to make more informed choice in favor of a particular profession basing on personal experience and their own vocation trial. The theoretical significance of the paper is due to the contribution to the development of scientific ideas about the pedagogical designing of vocation trials, stages and conditions. The practical significance lies in the detailed methodological development of “vocation trials” pedagogical technology, which allows teachers and social instructors to use the technology as the innovative form of vocational guidance. Moreover, the proposed methodology can be used at universities.

The paper presents an attempt to develop a documentary-based course book at the chair of foreign languages of Moscow State Technical University of Civil Aviation, targeting a skill of video comprehension, including vocabulary enrichment, exploration of aviation industry context and professional communication principles by studying City in the Sky (BBC, PBS). There are no similar course books in Russia or around the world, and therefore this book could be a first step on the way to create more of the similar ones to integrate smoothly documentary films in teaching English to students of universities’ English programs. A special attention is to be drawn to documentaries and their place in the educational process. The aim of the paper is to show the opportunities of audio-visual aids for developing communicative skills of learners and to improve the methodology of English teaching in technical schools. The criteria of choosing a film to study have been introduced, as well as different types of tasks on video comprehension, listening comprehension, vocabulary and grammar analysis. The survey shows that students are mostly very motivated to study documentary films and are ready for such activity in classroom. From a teacher’s point of view, the documentary-based course book facilitates the English language perception through vocabulary and grammar observation, learning civil aviation realties, listening skills improvement, however, on the downside there has been passive impact on teaching speaking. Linguistic and socio-cultural information dedicated is recommended to be circulated in English classes consistently and sequentially not only while working on video materials, but on other components of the English program as well. It has been questioned, though, if watching documentaries in class is rational or students are to study the course book materials themselves and present the results in class.

The article is devoted to the actual problem of the project technologies implementation in the field of media education. In the conditions of the information society, the importance of information increases at an uncontrolled rate, which poses new challenges for the educational environment, especially in educational institutions. Teaching media information literacy, on the one hand, and professional media information education, on the other, are key areas in the process of educating schoolchildren and students who are ready to live in conditions of dynamically changing processes. The purpose of the article is to analyze the successful experience of implementing project work in the field of media education in the Federal Republic of Germany under the conditions of a full-day training system to analyze the possibilities of its implementation after adaptation on the basis of national pedagogy. The leading method of empirical research was observation and included observation in the framework of internships in the Federal Republic of Germany with the aim of analyzing the system of project-based training in full-time schools of various Federated Lands. The key attention is paid to the study of Hamburg’s full-time schools as a land where this form is the only one. In addition, the article pays considerable attention to the organization of project activities, in particular the media education activities of schoolchildren. The key result of the article is the described mechanics of project work organization in full-time schools in Germany, features of the media education projects implementation, directions for dissemination on domestic ground. In particular, these methods can also be applied in the higher education sector as a part of student project activities development in the framework of specialized media education, as well as integrated into other areas of media education. The review of scientific literature in the areas of research, the proposal of the author’s definition of the term “full-time school” have theoretical significance; practical significance is made up of empirical material, analyzed in the study, that gives an idea of the practice of implementing media education projects in various full-time schools of Germany.

Pedagogical science has always faced an issue of finding effective means to achieve the educational results of students. This problem is especially urgent today, when the world is changing rapidly, and those tools, that yesterday could keep pupils interested in studying mathematics and provided an opportunity to develop their mathematical abilities, quickly become out-of-date. Today, the search for a new toolkit that contributes to the development of students by means of mathematics, as well as mechanisms for incorporating it into the educational process, is highly relevant. Thus, the purpose of the article is to study the possibilities of using a new learning tool - puzzles in all their diversity in the process of teaching mathematics to children and teenagers, both in class and in extracurricular activities. The leading method here is the modeling of the methodological system of training in basic and additional mathematical education of children and teenagers, with the inclusion of a new didactic toolkit in it, which will contribute to the increase of students' interest in the subject, as well as to the development of certain mathematical abilities: logical thinking, abstraction, combining, operating with spatial images, critical thinking, mathematical memory. As a result of the research, the author of the article determined the place, opportunities and methodological aspects of including puzzles in the process of learning mathematics, both in the system of classical and nontraditional (creative) lessons of mathematics, and in the structure of extracurricular activities of students: mathematical circle, system of mathematical competitions, mathematical summer camp, etc. Practical use of this system makes it possible to reduce the disadvantage of tools deficiency for the development of mathematical abilities of students in the pedagogical practice, which gives us an opportunity to speak of high academic results in mathematical activity of children and teenagers.

The article presents the results of studying the auditory perception of speech by preschool children with a cochlear implant. It is noted that if a child has lost his hearing in the pre-linguistic period, he needs a long period of rehabilitation aid. This is especially important for children, who are being brought up by deaf parents. By the end of the first stage of rehabilitation, the child is only able to react to short instructions that include everyday words with concrete semantics. Similar in sound composition lexical units are not differentiated. Underdeveloped auditory perception negatively affects the quality of the child's independent speech.

The author of the article reports on the results of a research aimed at studying the semantic aspect of speech of preschool children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). The results showed that children with ASD do not understand some oral instructions, so they cannot perform the necessary actions. Preschoolers cannot give information based on the picture plot. Speech production of these children is limited by the use of isolated words and word-combinations. They are not able to construct logical and coherent messages.

The article presents the results of studying the emotions of older preschoolers with mental retardation. The diagnostic procedure included two tasks on the material of children's literature. In addition, the observation method was used. It was found out that children with mental retardation make mistakes in the process of identification, verbalization and reproduction of emotional states. They do not differentiate similar emotions.

The article is devoted to the problem of diagnostics and differentiation of the long-term effects of post-traumatic stress disorder. The author highlights a number of factors that aggravate the course of post-traumatic stress disorder; these are features of character, gender, age, life experience, history of mental disorders, alcoholism. She makes the analysis of psychological diagnostic methods from the viewpoint of their value to identify the long-term effects of post-traumatic stress disorder.

The article discusses two interconnected issues related to the activities of the militia in the period after the end of the Great Patriotic War in the USSR (1945-1953). The first part deals with the relationship between the internal affairs bodies and local party organizations that criticized militia for unsatisfactory fight against crime. One of the most important explanations for this situation was an acute personnel problem that had developed due to well-known reasons (the war factor). The second part of the article is devoted to this problem.

The article considers harassment as a form of discrimination in labor relations, its distinctive features and legal regulation of employees’ rights protection. The study is based on the analysis of specialized literature, Russian and foreign legislation, as well as judicial practice of national and international courts. It justifies the conclusion that it is necessary to concretize harassment criteria in normative legal acts in order to ensure the protection of the honor and dignity of a person.

The article explores the establishment and development of the English legal system. The influence of the Roman law on the development of the law of England in the period of its formation is evaluated. The author makes analysis of the formation stages of common law and justice law characteristic features in the Middle Ages period, as well as changes in English law institutions during modern period. The current condition of English law is characterized.

The article is devoted to the issues of ensuring the rights and legal interests of the participants at the stage of initiating a criminal case. Some proposals are made to amend the current legislation. Properly processed and legally obtained evidence should be a guarantee of a fair and reasonable sentence. To sum up, the author concludes that the legal and moral content of criminal procedure at the stage of initiating a criminal case are inseparable.

The article deals with topical issues of formation, state registration of property rights, as well as disposing of the right to land occupied by multi-apartment buildings, including townhouses.

The state, its head, the state power itself always need the trust and support of its own population. State power in the United States in the scientific literature has traditionally been regarded as truly democratic and legitimate. Until 2016, the US establishment has never raised the question of presidential power legitimacy, with the exception of the civil war period. However, even now it continues to split American society, not allowing D. Trump to pursue his own policy.

The article presents the results of the sociological survey conducted by the authors on the problem of the relevance of theater as an institution of culture in the process of non-family socialization of children and adolescents. The authors revealed the most preferred by the younger generation genres and plots of performances, as well as basic motives of the audience visiting theatres.

The article analyzes the modern domestic historiography of the bodies of the Soviet Prosecutor's Office in 1955–1991. The source base of the research is the works of legal science representatives, historians of law and civil history researchers, published over the past ten years (2009–2018). This analysis allows us to present more objectively the development process of the Soviet prosecutor's office during the so-called “thaw” period, the era of “stagnation” and “perestroika”. Based on a historiographical analysis, the author also finds poorly studied aspects of the problem and prospects for further historical and legal research in this area.

The article is devoted to the study of mental experiment genesis as a metaprocedure for obtaining new theoretical knowledge, substantiating its role in the formation of scientific research style in antiquity. Based on the analysis of pre-Socratics’ and Aristotle’s doctrines, the authors reveal the relationship between mental experimentation and the process of scientific physical knowledge origin, as well as the «practice» of working with it. It is concluded that in ancient science, a mental experiment becomes the universal method of obtaining the truth in the limited framework of ontology paradigm.

The article reveals the theoretical and methodological aspects of evaluating the effectiveness of state policy in the field of extremism prevention in the subject of the Russian Federation. The available approaches to the concept and structure of extremism prevention of are analyzed. The author identifies criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of state policy implementation in the field of extremism prevention in the subject of the Russian Federation and makes the analysis of effectiveness evaluating practice in the field of extremism prevention in the subject of the Russian Federation.

In this article, the author analyzes the concepts of “East" and "West”, namely, their political and cultural interpretation. He determines not only the features of the political cultures of the East and the West, but also their manifestations in Russian political culture, their dichotomy, interconnection and contradictions in it. This dichotomy is primarily due to the unique geographical position of Russia and natural historical processes.

The article defines the essence of international human migration, provides the classification of its causes. It thoroughly studies positive and negative influence of the international migration on the migrants themselves, receiving and sending states. It also focuses on the role of the international remittances.

The features of socio-economic conditions in the region are reflected in migration processes. The study of this problem is relevant in connection with the general increase of migration role both in the country and in the region. The attractiveness of the region is determined by various factors, these are the living conditions and the opportunity to work. The analysis of migration processes shows that the search for the most favorable economic conditions remains the basis of migration. Thus, migration should be considered as a type of economic and social mobility of the population. Another equally important point is the influence on the cultural and educational level of the population, both in the outflow areas and in the territories of the influx of migrants. Creative people allow developing a region. Competitive battles of regions will take place in the future for this resource.

The article discusses the main problems of increasing the efficiency of using fixed assets arising at the enterprises of the agro-industrial complex of the Rostov region. Based on the analysis, we determined the fundamental factors that influence the efficiency of agrarian formations’ fixed capital use. This will make it possible to develop measures aimed at improving the efficiency of using fixed assets, and thereby, improving the financial condition of agro-industrial complex economic entities.

The article studies some aspects of government support for business and small business problems that should be eliminated in order to achieve sustainable economic development. It is proved that small business has a significant potential to become an economic power with the government support.

The article studies the issues of analysis and justification of the directions of migration regulation on the example of the Omsk region. The content of migration functions is clarified, the main factors of migration attractiveness of the Central and Southern regions of Russia are highlighted. The experience of Russian regions in the regulation of migration processes is summarized. The author analyzes demographic situation prevailing in the Omsk region, evaluates the migration processes taking place in the region, and investigates the causes of population migration in the region. The paper substantiates the directions of labor migration processes regulation at the regional level, the essence of which is to ensure a decent standard of living for the population of the region and to establish an appropriate migration infrastructure.

The article discusses the relationship of business risk and innovation potential. Key features and main stages of risk management are highlighted. The authors analyze the ways and methods of reducing business risks of various types on the example of chemical industry enterprise.

Krasnodar region is rich in historical and architectural monuments. There are hundreds of kurgans and kurgan groups, tombs and sites of ancient settlements within its borders, the excavations of which by scientists have not been completed. This article discusses the basic principles of geographic information systems use in order to monitor objects of cultural heritage in the turnover of agricultural land.

The article proposes a model for implementing a quality management mechanism at an enterprise, describes the stages of its development and implementation. The authors outline the theoretical foundations that were taken into account in the process of forming this mechanism: a “quality loop” containing the product or service life cycle, the structure of quality management system and its functions, as well as a list of instruments that contribute to ensuring the functioning of quality management systems.

The article classifies approaches to assessing the quality of preschool educational services, which makes it possible to identify the main ways to assess the quality of education as a product of the teacher’s labor, and hence the effectiveness of preschool education management. The presented classification with the subsequent description of the models (approaches) is the author's original work.

The article considers the statistics of surnames in the USSR at the beginning of the 20th century based on the information of generalized data bank “Memorial”. A list of the top 500 most common surnames is presented. The results are compared with the lists obtained in other studies.

The distinctive features of slang in Russian and English are considered in the article. The aim of the article is to study the usage of slang among young people. Based on the performed research the author concludes that slang is of great importance for young people. Thanks to slang, young people can easily find a common language with each other and learn new foreign words.

The article discusses the compositional features of P. Hayse's novelettes and the use of retrospective method as fundamental one in their creation. Based on the analysis of several author’s novelettes, the article proves the special role of retrospection for the plot of works. The plot of novelettes becomes whole, because the past and the present are inextricably intertwined.