№ 10 (October)

At present, the issue of finding leaders and creating conditions for the development of leadership in children's organizations is of great social significance. The Russian movement of schoolchildren undertakes this task as the central one in its activity. In our work, we focus on the development of leadership qualities of rural schoolchildren, since this problem has not been the subject of systematic research. The aim of the work is to study the peculiarities of the development of leadership qualities of rural young people when they join the Russian movement of schoolchildren. Diagnostic tools used to study the formation of leadership qualities: a method of studying leadership abilities (Zharikov, Krushelnitskiy), a test questionnaire of achievement motivation by Mehrabian, the method “I am a leader” by Fedorov and Eremin, Hall's methodology «Emotional intelligence», methods for studying the communicative and organizational inclinations of senior students. It is important to correlate the activity of senior schoolchildren, their desire to develop their leadership potential with socially significant types of activities, in which they are included within the Russian movement of schoolchildren, with the priority tasks facing the specific settlement where they live. The leadership potential of high school students is considered as a set of abilities and personal qualities that manifest themselves in situations of interaction in a group and allow them to become leaders. The theoretical significance of the work lies in the fact that it identifies conditions that contribute to the development of the leadership potential of high school students – examination of the social, age, psychological characteristics of this category of students; psychological and pedagogical support in the development of leadership qualities provided by mentors for senior students; introduction of innovative technologies for the development of leadership qualities; inclusion of students in real situations where they can take a leadership position. The practical significance lies in the development of the «School of the Leader – Mentor» program, which has been successfully tested. In the course of its implementation, the following forms and methods have shown their effectiveness: discussions, business and role-playing games, designing, trainings, leadership competitions, playing situations, meeting with reputable people – leaders in their fields, self-presentation, etc. Achieved results (indications of the implemented program effectiveness): high school students learned to apply leadership theory to practice; tried themselves as leaders of youth public associations; mastered the methods of involving other students in the activities of the Russian movement of schoolchildren.

Due to the active reanimation of the post-pandemic space and including all spheres of society into the new digital reality, significant changes are also taking place in the field of higher education. The current situation requires changes in the forms of interaction with students, the use of new pedagogical technologies, and the creation of new conditions for training and education. The spread of digital technologies in the service sector requires the formation of professional competences, knowledge, skills and experience that are applicable in the new reality. The ability of students to adapt quickly to new conditions largely determines the success of not only educational, but also future professional activity. Thus, it becomes significant to study the technological aspects of developing the personal adaptive potential of future service professionals. Personal adaptation potential of a specialist is understood as the ability to perform professional tasks effectively in extreme and stressful situations. The development of students' personal adaptive potential ensures the formation of professional competitiveness. The purpose of the article is to identify mechanisms for the development of personal adaptive potential of service majors in modern conditions. The article examines the elements of personal adaptive potential and pedagogical conditions that contribute to its development. The scientific novelty and theoretical significance lies in the identification of technological conditions that contribute to the development of personal adaptive potential of University students. The practical significance consists in using the results of an empirical study to identify pedagogical conditions for the development of personal adaptive potential of service majors and working out relevant recommendations. The research methodology is based on systemic, activity-oriented, competence-based and technological approaches. Research methods include: analysis of scientific publications, included observation, modeling of the pedagogical process, questionnaire methods and testing. To conduct an empirical study, we used the methods of E. A. Klimov, K. Zamfir, A. A. Rean, A. G. Maklakov and S. V. Chermyanin. Pedagogical technology is a set of forms, methods and techniques of training aimed at developing the personal adaptive potential of students and includes a description of the goals, objectives, methods of pedagogical influence, methodological materials used, requirements for learning outcomes - characteristics of professional competences. The technological approach to the development of personal adaptive potential of service majors presupposes the construction of algorithms for future professional activity. The formation of the educational process is based on the principles of expediency, procession, normalization, reproducibility, consistency and efficiency. The essence of the proposed technology for the development of personal adaptive potential is based on: formation of students' motivation for professional activity in the service sector; organization of effective interaction between teachers and students in academic and extracurricular activities; inclusion of students in the process of planning their professional development and career trajectory, formation of reference points and their achievement in the process of studying at the University; inter-subject relations and the applicability of results in various subject areas.

The Russian state is experiencing an urgent need for a viable rising generation - capable of constructive self-determination in the new conditions of "increasing uncertainty of society." The formation of a viable person has increasing social significance and becomes a necessary condition for the successful adaptation of the younger generation in society, which makes it essential to study the pedagogical aspects of the of adolescents' viability formation for their successful functioning in society. The purpose of the study is to substantiate theoretically and develop a technology for the formation of the social and personal viability of adolescents, taking into account the socio-cultural, organizational and pedagogical characteristics of the educational institution. The article presents the results of the ascertaining stage of the pedagogical experiment to identify the features of the manifestation of social and personal viability in adolescents studying in an educational institution. The social and personal viability of adolescents is considered in the study as a pedagogical phenomenon, which is an integrative personality quality that characterizes the readiness of an individual for self-determination (moral, personal, social, professional) according to his/her own life scenario, as well as the readiness to manage this scenario and be responsible for the results of his/her decisions on life self-determination. The experimental work was carried out on the basis of general educational institutions among adolescents studying in grades 5–9 (in parallel, grades 5-6, grades 7-8, and grades 9). The theoretical significance of the research results allows us to solve urgent problems of the theory of designing the pedagogical process as a result of the introduction of a new categorical and conceptual base (social and personal viability of adolescents); clarification of the principles and functions of the process of forming the social and personal viability of adolescents; identification of the formation patterns of the social and personal viability of adolescents, which reveal the specifics of this process in general educational institutions; designing technology for the formation of social and personal viability of adolescents. The practical significance of the study lies in the fact that reliance on the established logic of the formation of social and personal viability of adolescents contributes to an increase in the effectiveness of methodological reflection of teachers in organizing the process of socialization of adolescents.

The condition of physical and mental health of the younger generation is of particular concern today. Issues of a healthy and safe lifestyle are discussed in modern sociocultural reality, but this is extremely insufficient nowadays. It is important to combine efforts and practices in the direction of clarifying the essential, conceptual component of a healthy and safe lifestyle culture of the individual, as well as in the direction of developing and introducing educational disciplines in order to preserve and further promote the health of students. The currently existing theoretical and experimental studies, curricula / modules dedicated to the readiness for health-preserving, health-creating activities of future professionals do not take into account the peculiarities of the formation of ideas about the world around and their own body and their connection. They do not reflect specific psychological and pedagogical recommendations. Today, there is a lack of educational and methodological recommendations for teachers, psychologists and professors, revealing the content, forms and means of psychological and pedagogical influence on future specialists, the opportunity of using various types of activities in order to be prepared for health-preserving activities. The goal is to find the possibilities of using pedagogical education as a means of fostering a culture of a healthy and safe lifestyle for the subjects of the educational process. In this case, we are talking about fostering a culture of a healthy and safe lifestyle for teachers of various professional areas, other employees of educational institutions (social workers, speech therapists, defectologists, tutors, etc.) and the students themselves. In this context, pedagogical education includes the development and subsequent implementation of educational programs that contribute to the protection and promotion of health, the prevention of diseases, the formation of a careful attitude towards one's own health and the health of others, and the self-organization of safe life. The article presents educational programs based on interdisciplinary, personality-activity oriented approaches, the concept of health preservation and a healthy lifestyle of educational subjects for the training of future teachers, psychologists, social workers, advanced training of existing teaching staff. Further development and implementation of such programs in the modern system of continuous education will contribute to the formation, maintenance, promotion of health, a culture of a healthy and safe lifestyle for the subjects of the educational process and society as a whole. The materials of the article can be used for pedagogical support of the process of fostering a culture of a healthy and safe lifestyle of educational subjects in modern society.

This article aims to identify and consider the universal competences underlying postgraduate programs in the United States. Postgraduate study prepares future specialists in the field of science, mobile, creative, able to quickly navigate in the conditions of constantly changing reality, therefore it seems interesting to identify and analyze the universal competences underlying postgraduate programs implemented abroad on the example of the United States. Based on the analysis of domestic and foreign literature, it seems obvious that the training of scientific and pedagogical personnel in graduate school is one of the priority areas for most higher educational institutions both within our country and abroad. The main sources in the research process were curricula and work programs of various US universities, as well as original works of foreign researchers in a foreign language. The grading of universal competences according to the degree of importance (competence of the initial and advanced level) is presented. The groups of universal competences (mentoring competences, research competences, managerial competences, "Socratic portfolio") are identified and substantiated, and their content base is revealed. The author also draws attention to the questions arising in the process of studying competences in the framework of postgraduate programs in the United States. Based on the analysis carried out, attention is focused on the fact that when planning postgraduate training programs, it is necessary to take into account the entire range of competences that they have to develop, including their understanding of the diversity and, at the same time, the integrity of academic life, in which graduate students will have to participate in the process of work over their thesis and after graduating from graduate school. In a period of increasing emphasis on undergraduate research mentoring programs, graduate students must be prepared to mentor, manage and advise not only undergraduates but also junior colleagues and other graduate students. The practical significance of the research lies in the fact that the results obtained and the formulated conclusions create the preconditions for the development of curricula and programs for the training of scientific and pedagogical personnel in graduate school through the integration of constructive foreign experience and can be implemented at a practical level into the domestic system.

The inclusion of game elements in the cognitive activity of students is an actual direction of the current educational system modernization. Quest as a game form and a tool of learning is one of the options for gamification of the digital educational environment. The authors study the problem of identifying the characteristics of the educational web quest implementation as a focused activity that provides all participants with the necessary knowledge and resources to solve didactic and career-oriented tasks of the digital environment in a gaming form. The purpose of research is to reveal the characteristics of an educational web quest designing based on modern digital technologies for the formation of demanded soft skills. The methodology is based on the analysis and systematization of significant scientific works on didactics, gamification of learning, and the use of digital educational technologies. The effectiveness of the approach described was confirmed by a pedagogical experiment, during which the result of students' cognitive activity was evaluated according to a set of criteria that correspond to the competences of modern professions and the priorities of the project “Digital School”. As a result, we describe the ideas of a methodological approach that reflects the necessary changes in the support of students' cognitive activity with the resources of such mobile game applications as quest. The article presents the levels of differentiation of education depending on the individual and age characteristics of participants and of digital tools chosen. It is concluded that the use of «web quest» as an effective educational technology for the formation of competences demanded by the digital environment has certain characteristic features when we include modern software tools and technologies in educational process. The obtained results can be used for organizing of cognitive research activities of students; in the practice of the school of mentoring for the planning and implementation of game forms with the emphasis on skills and abilities, necessary for socialization of the individual in a digital society and obtaining skills that are demanded by employers; for designing and creating a personal-oriented educational environment with elements of gamification using digital technologies.

Modern education is aimed at forming an initiative, creative person who is able to acquire knowledge independently and use it for solving interpersonal and professional tasks. The project methodology considered in the article corresponds to new trends in education that determine its relevance. The purpose of the study is to determine the main aspects of the organization of project-based learning technology to increase the level of formation of foreign language communicative competence and stimulate cognitive activity of students. To achieve this goal, the competence approach was used as the main one. The author also notes the personality-oriented nature of the method, its educational potential and positive impact on the educational and cognitive independence of students, which contributes to the productive assimilation of educational material and increases motivation in learning. The advantages and disadvantages of using the project method are clarified. The advantages of the method are the involvement of students in research activities using modern computer technologies, individualization of the learning process with simultaneous learning in cooperation, integration of knowledge from various fields, which gives a complete picture of the world, and improvement of communicative competence in all types of speech activities, taking into account the level of training. The methodological basis was the work of domestic and foreign scientists on the issue under study. Methods of theoretical analysis and synthesis, comparison and interpretation, study of project activity products and its characteristic features in a non-linguistic University were used. The article describes the essence of the method, its types, stages of work on the project, and the possibilities of its application in classroom and extracurricular work when teaching a language. The role of the teacher in the organization of project activities is clarified. The author offers examples of project tasks for the formation of communicative and socio-cultural competences in a non-linguistic University depending on the level of language training of students. The theoretical understanding of the project method and the practical use of the research results will allow us to form the communicative competence of students in a foreign language more effectively and develop their educational and cognitive independence.

The article is devoted to the formation of the initial stages of ecological culture in children of middle preschool age. The urgency of the problem lies in the fact that the ecological condition of the planet is becoming worse every year. Environmental problems, natural disasters are aggravated by the barbaric attitude of people to nature, which makes it necessary to pay special attention to this problem. It is necessary to educate people of a new generation with developed moral values, striving to preserve and protect nature. The formation of an ecological culture must begin from preschool age, so that a child can absorb love and respect for the natural world from an early age. The article presents an analysis of the psychological and pedagogical literature on the environmental education of children in the classic works of domestic and foreign authors and modern approaches to the formation of environmental culture in the conditions of a preschool educational organization. In accordance with age characteristics, playing is the leading activity of preschool children. The purpose of the article is to reveal the role of didactic games in the formation of the ecological culture of children of middle preschool age. Didactic games are special educational games for the formation of children's cognitive activity towards the natural world and the development of a careful attitude towards it. The work is based on the practical testing of research materials in the private kindergarten "Olympionik" in Yakutsk. The authors carried out diagnostics of the level of the ecological culture formation in children at the ascertaining stage of the research. On the basis of the results obtained, a formative experiment was carried out with the use of didactic games. The practical significance and novelty of the research is in the use of regional ecological games, which contributes to the formation of children's knowledge about the nature of their native land. The results of the control stage of the research made it possible to confirm the hypothesis about the role of didactic games for the formation of the ecological culture of children of middle preschool age. Didactic games in the classroom for acquaintance with nature help to form in children cognitive activity, motivation for learning, they play an important role in the spiritual and moral education of children, cultivating a conscious attitude towards nature, love and respect for their native environment. Games make it possible to concretize, expand children's knowledge about nature and natural phenomena, they develop logical thinking, skills of systematization, classification of phenomena and objects.

The Federal State Educational Standard for Primary Education states that it is necessary to develop in children the ability for an artistic, imaginative, emotional, value-oriented perception of works of visual and musical art, to teach them express their aesthetic attitude to the world around them. This means that it is important to develop creative imaginations in children. The development of children's creative imagination is important because it is necessary in any child's activity. Artistic and design activity gives great opportunities for the development of the creative imagination of children. Such activities create favorable conditions for the development of imagination, intellect, emotions, experimentation with materials, which allows us to consider this type of activity as a powerful factor in the development of the creative abilities of primary school students. The purpose of the study is to identify the pedagogical conditions that ensure the development of the creative imagination of fourth-graders in the process of making stage-setting for theatrical performance in the theater workshop. The article presents the results of work on the development of the creative imagination of fourth-graders in the process of making stage-setting for theatrical performance. The practical significance of the study lies in the development and testing of classes and in determining their influence on the development of the creative imagination of fourth-graders in the process of making stage-setting for theatrical performance in a theater workshop.

New requirements of the government and society to the education system necessitate the formation of active interaction skills among all participants in the didactic process by means of augmented and virtual reality technologies. In these conditions, the issues of compliance with the rules of information security are very urgent. The purpose of the article is to examine the problems and prospects of using new technologies for supporting personal development, improving the quality of educational results, and preparing for successful professional self-realization. The described psychological factors of the use of augmented reality technology make it possible to clarify its risks and opportunities in terms of creating a safe information digital environment.