Liubov Kapustina

It is well-known that studying at a university is the first step in the professional identity development. Unfortunately, not all applicants enter higher education institutions guided by their own beliefs, desires and hopes at the moment. Students are often guided by their parents’ advice or wishes in choosing a university and a future profession. As a result, we can see that students begin to experience difficulties with professional self-determination. They cannot independently work out their career plans and do not see prospects for the successful development of their future professional career. As a result, this situation can lead to voluntary expulsion of a student from a higher educational institution. The authors of the study tried to find out how to help students at a higher educational institution create a career path based on portfolio for their future work and give them an active role in this project. The authors of the paper developed a scenario for a professional portfolio and implemented it into practice in order to increase the future graduates’ chances for their successful professional career. We consider the portfolio as a process, product and tool that promotes reflexivity, personal assessment and self-presentation. It has the properties of self-assessment, self-focus and self-preparation, which are very useful within the curriculum. The portfolio contributes to building the professional identity during the studies and allows students to implement mechanisms that will operate later when graduates integrate into the labor market. The theoretical significance of the research is in consideration of the student's portfolio as a reflexive analysis of future professional activity. In practice, this study ensures career guidance, as reflexivity is involved in building professional identity. The scenario of the professional portfolio was developed and applied in practice in Samara State University of Economics in 2022-2023.

ChatGPT (Generative Pre-trained Transformer) is artificial intelligence that can answer any user's question in the manner of a constructed text. It is already widespread and popular with most students. ChatGPT is able to write dissertations, pass medical tests or even make court decisions. However, it is worth noting that the appearance of this chatbot shocked the academic and university world: there was a scandal in one of the Russian universities in February 2023 because of a graduate qualification work written by ChatGPT neural network. The relevance of this research is due to the fact that this chatbot simultaneously attracts and worries the world pedagogical community by raising some ethical questions. Can ChatGPT clarify complex concepts and structure ideas in addition to creating smart mentors and teaching assistants? Is there any risk to create unoriginal, inaccurate or misleading content, as well as decrease creativity and skills? Will this tool be able to support pedagogical practice and successful studies, or will it endanger the fundamental education? What are the ways to reduce the risks by using ChatGPT in education? The authors of this research answered these questions. The scientific merit of the work is to consider trends in the development of artificial intelligence technologies in education, as well as possible scenarios for the application and impact of ChatGPT. Today, there are no clear rules in educational institutions regarding the use of artificial intelligence for educational purposes. The academic novelty of the study is that the authors identified and described the negative and positive aspects of using ChatGPT in education, and also formulated certain conditions to use painlessly the text generator in training. The methodological basis of the study is the analysis of Russian and foreign scientific literature on the development of artificial intelligence, in general, and the use of ChatGPT, in particular, as well as the synthesis and generalization of the results obtained.

The digital age has led to social changes, and people become more informed and connected. Consequently, the way of consumption has also changed from offline mode to a mix of online and offline one. In the era of digital technologies and economic crisis, service providers are looking for new sales channels in order to survive under nowadays market conditions. The relevance of this study is due to the fact that marketplaces in education are a relatively new phenomenon which has been gaining popularity in the last few years. They are online platforms that provide an opportunity for students and trainers to exchange knowledge, skills and experience. The first marketplace of educational courses was launched in the Russian Federation in March 2023. There are no analogues to it in Russia today. The purpose of the paper is to identify the prospects for the development of educational marketplaces in our country. The study of marketplaces in education is important, as it allows to understand the education processes, and to identify new approaches to training. From a theoretical perspective, the study of educational courses marketplace helps realize students’ needs and preferences, as well as assess the impact of technology on education and develop new approaches to learning. From a practical perspective, marketplaces provide access to a wide range of courses and subjects that may not be available in traditional educational institutions. This can be especially useful for residents of remote areas or citizens living abroad. In addition, marketplaces can provide access to courses on new technologies and specialized subjects. The authors of the paper point out both advantages and disadvantages of the introduction of marketplaces in education. They believe that marketplaces can be of great benefit to education as long as high level of security and confidentiality, as well as quality control and content monitoring mechanisms are provided. Marketplaces can be partners to educational institutions and experts to ensure compliance with educational standards.

The relevance of the study is due to the fact that there is no standard format and structure for teaching entrepreneurship in the Russian Federation today. Entrepreneurship currently has immeasurable importance to achieve economic growth and economic development of the country. The State is making efforts to facilitate startups, while university entrepreneurial education is still left behind. Business and management education focuses only on teaching students how to become good employees paying attention to the fact that it is their only career option. Most students do not acquire many of the skills that entrepreneurs need, including thinking outside the box, knowing how to acquire and use resources, ability to create organizations, and effective teamwork. Teachers do not always realize the importance of entrepreneurial learning model transformation. It is entrepreneurship training at the university that should contribute to the creation of new jobs, not only to the provision of prospective employees on the labor market. Therefore, studying at the university should include business practices that can help students feel and overcome the difficulties that will arise in new company development. The purpose of this paper is to identify the role of the university as a determinant of the act of entrepreneurship. The problem of the study is to answer the question: what factors should be taken into account in education in order to consider university education as a chance to set up a business? The theoretical basis of the study was the analysis of Russian and foreign scientific literature on entrepreneurship development in higher educational institutions. The theoretical significance of the research is due to the analysis of approaches to popularize the concept of entrepreneurship and its implementation among students in order to make graduates potential entrepreneurs. The authors identified and described indicators that stimulate entrepreneurship in general. The practical significance of the study is due to the description of the factors that should be taken into account while training in order to make university education a platform for students’ startups.

The modern world focuses on improving the welfare of Russian citizens, which is impossible without a contribution to the development of human resources. It should be noted that the system of secondary vocational education (SVE) plays a significant role in the economic growth of the country. Therefore, it is important to create the right conditions for the functioning of this system and the training of highly qualified specialists who have a sufficient number of competences and skills to be competitive in the labor market. The purpose of our research was a historical analysis of secondary vocational education, the prerequisites for its emergence, development depending on the demands of the time, starting from the time of Kievan Rus and up to nowadays. It is the complete historical picture that makes it possible to compare tasks and their solutions, positive experience at different time intervals that allow us to select the best practices today. The realities of the modern world require taking into account high turbulence in all spheres of activity, the presence of hard and soft skills for the formation of preadaptive behavior among students in order to be successful in personal and professional spheres. Accordingly, the introduction of various professional skill competitions and championships, which was common in the Soviet Union, and active participation in them allows students to develop, evaluate their achievements, strive for the best. In addition, the system of dual training used in Soviet times is becoming more and more relevant today. Professionality in modern conditions makes it possible to shorten the period of training due to focus on practical work, as it was in the war and post-war time on the example of vocational schools and industrial factory schools. The analysis of the article is based on such methods as a theoretical review and examination of domestic and foreign literature on the problem of research and generalization of the experience of the SVE system functioning. Review of historical, socio-economic and pedagogical literature allowed us to assess how the demands of time had influenced on the development of the SVE system. It is concluded that a broad view on the historical situation makes it possible to use successful experience taking into account modern paradigms. As the results of the study, promising directions of the development of vocational education today are given: participation in the national program "Education", "Professionalism", the introduction of a dual training system, a demonstration exam and various professional skills competitions and championships.