Keyword: «preschool children»

The article is devoted to modern approaches to the organization of correctional care for preschool children with speech disorders of neurological origin. The analysis of the specifics of the manifestation of dysarthria and modern directions of the organization of correction of this speech disorder is carried out. The urgency of the problem has been determined. The need for timely speech therapy for children with dysarthria has been identified and substantiated. The analysis of the scientific foundations of the organization of correctional activities of specialists in defectology is presented.

This article examines the theoretical and practical aspects of speech therapy aimed at developing spatial representations in preschool children with delayed mental development (DMD). The analysis of the specific features of spatial perception in this category of children is presented, and effective techniques and correction methods are highlighted to optimize their learning and development process. The research shows that a systematic, comprehensive approach, incorporating speech therapy and play-based methods, significantly enhances the level of spatial representations in preschool children with DMD and promotes their overall speech and mental development.

The article describes the importance of the prosodic side of speech as an important component of human speech communication, its importance for the formation and development of a child's personality. The factors influencing the expressiveness of speech are listed, the main anatomical and physiological prerequisites for the formation of speech expressiveness in children are indicated, attention is focused on the importance of the pre-speech period, the main branches of methodological aspects of prosody, areas of work are analyzed, and examples of some methods for the formation of speech expressiveness, emotional coloring, retention of tempo and rhythm of speech by preschool children are given.. The necessity of such conditions for the development of full-fledged, expressive speech as the education of children's auditory self-control based on developed speech hearing is emphasized. The need for adults ‒ speech therapists, educators, and parents – to understand the importance of these speech components is emphasized.

The article examines the problem of spatial representation development in preschool children with mental retardation. Most researchers associate difficulties in mastering the basics of science in children from this category with the underdevelopment of spatial representations. The results of an empirical study of preschoolers in the experimental group allow us to conclude that the level of spatial representation development is low and that it is necessary to plan correctional and developmental work. The interaction of all participants in the educational process using a system of games and exercises will improve the level of spatial representation development in preschool children with mental retardation.

The article examines the theoretical and practical aspects of the development of fine motor skills of preschool children using non-traditional drawing techniques. The influence of the development of fine motor skills on the formation of not only graphic skills necessary in the future when learning to write, but also on the development of speech, coordination, sensorimotor and cognitive functions is noted. The article presents a set of methodological recommendations and practical exercises that can be used by speech pathologists and teachers of preschool educational organizations to form a stable interest of children in creative activity and increase the effectiveness of correctional work. Non-traditional drawing techniques make it possible to form an integrated correctional and developmental complex covering several areas of child development at once, which allows them to be used in working with children with disabilities who need an individual approach.