Keyword: «preschool age»

The article describes the lexical and grammatical aspects of speech development of preschoolers with general speech underdevelopment. It is noted that for the full development of a child's communication skills, an in-depth analysis of the psychological and speech characteristics of each child is necessary. The structured nature of classes contributes to the effective development of the lexical and grammatical side of speech. When planning educational activities, the teacher determines the purpose, stages of work, and the logical connection between them. The current topic of classes stimulates children's speech activity and the desire to engage in dialogue. An integrated approach to the organization of speech classes, including individualization, structuring, gradual complication and stimulation of communication, creates optimal conditions for the harmonious development of the communicative sphere of a child with general speech underdevelopment in a modern educational environment.

The article examines the role of the family in the correctional and developmental education of preschoolers with disabilities. In modern pedagogy and educational practice, the interaction of teachers and parents is one of the most urgent and acute problems. In the correctional and developmental education of preschoolers, the role of the family is especially important when it comes to a child with disabilities. Parents who do not participate in the educational process hinder the child's development and learning. The family, together with other participants in the educational process, helps and supports the child in correctional and developmental learning. Family education is very important for the further socialization of a child in society. A family raising a child with disabilities has a special status, since the need for correction and socialization of the child is added to the upbringing and education of the child. Only together with other participants of the correctional

In the presented article the author considers the influence of the method of visual modeling on the speech development of preschool children, as well as types and ways of application in kindergarten.

This article is devoted to the study of the structure and characteristics of cognitive abilities in preschool children. The essence of the term «cognitive abilities» is considered as a synonym for cognitive, mental, and intellectual processes. The components of the cognitive sphere are analyzed in detail: sensation, perception, attention, memory, thinking, speech, and imagination. Special attention is given to Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development, as well as the factors influencing a child's mental development. The age-related characteristics of preschoolers are described, emphasizing the key role of play activities in the development of cognitive processes, the formation of self-awareness, and social self-esteem. In conclusion, the characteristics of cognitive development in primary school children are briefly discussed. The article may be useful for educators, psychologists, and parents involved in the development of preschool and primary school-aged children.