Keyword: «preschool age»

This article analyzes the periods of speech and language development in preschoolers. Three main stages of speech development are examined: initial speech development (1–2 years), coherent speech development (3 years), and written language acquisition (6–7 years). Particular attention is paid to the vulnerability of the brain's speech centers during these periods and the potential negative consequences of negative influences. The relationship between speech development and cognitive processes, the play environment, and interaction with peers is analyzed. This article presents the scientific views of leading researchers (L.S. Vygotsky, A.V. Zaporozhets, and D.B. Elkonin) on the importance of early and preschool age for the development of speech skills. It also describes the influence of emotional state, play activity, and the social environment on speech development. This material will be useful for specialists in speech therapy, psychology, and preschool education.

The article analyzes the age-related features of problems in communication with peers, from preschool to adolescence. It examines the psychological causes of communication disorders (family factors, personality traits, and the influence of the virtual environment) and their consequences: social isolation, depression, and deviant behavior. The article proposes a comprehensive approach to prevention and correction, including anti-bullying programs, training, family support, and psychotherapy. The authors emphasize the importance of developing emotional intelligence for the successful socialization of the younger generation.

The article examines the influence of family on the socialization of a child in preschool age, emphasizing the role of the family as a primary agent of socialization. Key aspects are explored, such as emotional support, modeling behavior, the formation of cultural identity, and the impact of family atmosphere on the development of social skills. The discussion includes how active parental involvement in a child's life contributes to successful adaptation in society. In conclusion, the importance of creating a supportive family environment for the harmonious development of the child's personality is highlighted.