№ 12 (December)

Confessional female education has several specific features: class isolation, strict subordination of the diocesan to the bishop, inseparability of the educational and edifying processes. Russian historiography studied the specificity of female education in the post-reform period, associated with the breakdown of the traditional patriarchal model of female education understanding. Within the framework of historical feminology and gender studies, the question was raised about the professional self-realization of diocesan schools students. Purpose of the study: firstly, to introduce the information about the activities of the Omsk Women's Diocesan School in 1906-1917 into scientific circulation. Secondly, to identify the specifics of female theological education in the Siberian province. The sources of the research were: clerical works and other materials of a regional nature, a significant amount of which is presented in the fund of the Omsk Spiritual Consistory, the diocesan periodical "Omsk Diocesan Gazette", where the reports of the diocesan observer and the statements of the Diocesan School Council were published. Based on the reports of the diocesan observer on the condition of parish schools and literacy in teaching and education, the teaching and methodological process, teaching staff and the condition of teaching and educational work are reconstructed. The Omsk diocesan school for women was supported by contributions from the diocesan purse, the income of the diocesan candle factory and private donations. The educational process was aimed at obtaining an education sufficient for teaching in primary school. In contrast to the tendencies of strict regulation of church practical implementation in women's education, noted by researchers using the example of the European Russia, the students of the Omsk Women's Diocesan School performed completely “non-female” mission in the church, such as lighting lamps, giving a lectern, carrying out candles at the entrances and to the Gospel reading, which is usually the prerogative of the sacred sexton. Changes in the teaching staff indicate a gradual prevalence of male teachers and an increase in the educational graduation level. The theoretical significance of the work lies in the fact that the presented material and conclusions can be used in further research of the history of the Omsk diocese in the 20th century, as well as in the study of the history of spiritual education in peripheral dioceses. The practical significance of the work lies in the possibility of using its materials in educational work: in the preparation of specialized courses on the history of the Russian Orthodox Church, as well as for preparation of articles, reports at scientific events of various levels.

The relevance of the topics investigated by the authors is due to the fact that today a number of specific moral and ethical requirements are imposed on an employee of the penitentiary system, namely: attitude towards a person as a supreme value, respect and protection of rights, freedoms and human dignity in accordance with international and domestic legal norms and universal principles of morality, tolerant interethnic interaction and the ability to have constructive intercultural dialogue. Thus, the requirements imposed by the state and society on an employee of the penitentiary system indicate the need to develop the ability to be tolerant among cadets of higher educational institutions of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia. The purpose of the study was to theoretically substantiate and experimentally test the proposed conditions for the formation of interethnic tolerance among cadets at a higher educational institution of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia. The study was conducted by the authors using the following methods: questioning (the questionnaire was worked out by the authors) and testing (test for diagnosing the ability to empathy by A. Mehrabian, N. Epstein and the tests "Assessment of the level of assimilation" by V. P. Bespalko, Yu. G. Tatura in the authors’ modification). The main results of the work include the implementation of the set of pedagogical conditions proposed by the authors for the formation of interethnic tolerance among cadets and an increase in knowledge on ethnic issues, a change in attitudes towards representatives of other ethnic groups in a positive direction, a decrease in the percentage of respondents who dislike people of other nationalities in the experimental group. The conclusions and proposals made by the authors for improving the educational process in higher educational institutions of the penitentiary system and the possibility of further scientific developments on this topic represent the theoretical significance of the work. The practical significance of the work is the experience of the formation of interethnic tolerance among cadets considered in the article on the example of the Academy of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia, since under similar conditions it can be used by educational organizations of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia in order to increase the effectiveness of educational work among cadets.

The article is of interest from a methodological point of view, since when mastering a foreign language in the professional sphere (construction), students have various kinds of interference errors that teachers need to foresee and prevent. Interference is a process that slows down learning a foreign language by students and affects the successful mastering it, so there is a need to find ways to overcome it. The relevance of this work is explained by the need to find ways to overcome destructive interference and use constructive interference when learning a foreign language in the professional sphere as a way to master it better and minimize interference errors of students. The purpose of the study is to test the effectiveness of the proposed exercises for students to overcome destructive interference in the course of a practical experiment. The subject of the research is the method of overcoming destructive interference in the classroom using a specially developed set of exercises. The theoretical basis of the research is the works of domestic and foreign scientists, such as Alimov V. V., Weinreich U., Zimnaya I. A., Leontiev A. A., Rosenzweig V. Yu., Hockett Ch. F., and others. The article presents definitions of interference in their interpretation. The research material was the works of scientists on methodology, pedagogy, linguistics, as well as data obtained during the control translation of a professionally-oriented text with destructive interferences which was made by 26 students. The study used observation methods and surveys based on students' practical work in translating special texts, as well as in classes on developing oral and written speech skills. The analysis of English-language literature on construction topics made it possible to identify groups of constructive and destructive interferences, develop a number of exercises and recommendations that allow avoiding destructive interference and using constructive interference when working with texts and in professional speech communication. In order to test the effect of the proposed exercises, the group of the students was offered to translate the text containing destructive interferences. The results were processed using methods of comparative analysis and statistical analysis, and the author concludes about the effectiveness of the developed exercises and the feasibility of further work in this direction to overcome destructive interference. The practical significance of this work, according to the author, is that the presented methodology and special exercises can be used by teachers in classes on teaching English in the professional sphere. The novelty of this article is due to the fact that the author assumes that it is possible to overcome the destructive interference when future specialists in the construction industry work with professionally oriented texts by properly organizing the educational process and doing the proposed special exercises.

Didactic basis requires modernization in the conditions of an information society, complexity, challenge of uncertainty, ambiguity of the modern world. How are we to maintain motivation, the desire to learn among the “digital generation” – schoolchildren who live partly in the real world, partly in the virtual world of social networks, the Internet and gadgets? The previously existing for a long time cognitive (knowledge) approach does not allow the student, the main participant in the educational process, to fill the knowledge that he received in the learning process with personal meaning. In order that the student's activity to be successful, it is necessary to develop the meaning sphere of adolescents, filling knowledge with personal meaning, bringing the educational process to the personal- meaning level. The article discusses a meaning-didactic approach to organizing the educational process. The teacher is faced with an important task, developing the meaning sphere of students, to help them achieve that very “my meaning”. The purpose of the study: to identify opportunities for integrating digital didactics and meaning didactics, to consider meaning formation as a component of the development of digital competences of adolescents. The novelty of this research: the didactic possibilities of the meaning-initiating digital environment are determined. The author considers the concept of “meaning-initiating digital environment” as a factor that initiates the formation of meaning in adolescents. The carried out theoretical analysis of the works on the topic made it possible to highlight the didactic possibilities of initiating the formation of meaning in students in the digital educational space. The author proposes, while maintaining the didactic foundations of the educational process, to integrate meaning-initiating technologies into the digital educational environment. The article provides the author's meaning-initiating digital model of the organization of the educational process, and meaning formation is considered as a component of the development of digital competences of adolescents. This study opens up opportunities for continuing research on the development of the meaning sphere of students. The interpretation of the possibilities of integrating digital didactics and meaning didactics given by the author can be recommended to a wide range of teachers for use in their work.

The Russian language is the national language of the Russian people and a means of interethnic communication. Inspiring respect for the native language, formation of the norms of the Russian language, learning the native language as the main means of communication – these are the priority directions of primary language education. Therefore, one of the tasks of teaching the Russian language in primary school is the development of oral and written speech, formalized according to stylistic, grammatical, punctuation, spelling and orthoepic norms. The processes of mastering orthoepic norms and the formation of different types of communicative universal learning actions actively take place in primary school age. The authors study the specifics of the formation of communicative universal learning actions of primary school students in a small town in the process of going through orthoepic exercises. The aim of the study is to work out and theoretically substantiate a set of orthoepic exercises that ensure the effective formation of communicative universal learning actions of primary school students living in a small town. The methodology is based on systemic activity-oriented and personality-oriented approaches. Modern language education in the Russian Federation presupposes the systemic development of the student as a subject of cognitive activity, an active participant in the educational process, ready to build active and competent verbal communication with peers and adults. This is facilitated by the implementation of a set of the above-mentioned methodological approaches. The effectiveness of the approaches is confirmed by a pedagogical experiment. The study made it possible to check the effectiveness of the orthoepic exercises use, which ensure the formation of communicative universal learning actions among primary school students at the Russian language lessons. The theoretical provisions of the study can become the subject of discussion, exchange of experience at round tables, seminars, conferences of teachers, methodologists, teachers of the Russian language and literature; become a methodological topic of an educational organization. Practical provisions can be the basis for the development of didactic means of teaching the Russian language: collections of orthoepic dictations, episodes of calligraphy, materials for dictionary and spelling work, desktop printed and electronic games.

Coherent speech is a complex form of speech activity, which has the character of a consistent, systematic, detailed presentation. In senior preschoolers with GSU, coherent speech does not develop independently. Meanwhile, the improvement of coherent speech is one of the urgent problems of the child's speech development. Therefore, the key goal of the general complex of correctional and developmental work with children suffering from GSU is the formation and development of coherent speech, which is a necessary condition for their successful schooling. According to the results of the theoretical analysis, it can be said that the method of coherent speech formation by T. A. Tkachenko has greater opportunities in the development of coherent speech in senior preschoolers suffering from general speech underdevelopment of level III.

Currently, organizations are faced with many social and economic problems, therefore, the issues of the organization's personnel motivation, the search for the most effective methods and means of increasing labor motivation, are becoming more urgent. The purpose of the study is to theoretically substantiate, work out and test a psychological training program for the development of motivation to achieve success among employees of the organization. The article presents the results of diagnostics of the motivational sphere of employees, and considers the possibilities of increasing the motivation for achieving success by means of a psychological training program. The author describes the main mechanisms for the development of motivation to achieve success and highlights the factors that complicate this process.

Post-traumatic stress disorders that occur among military personnel after traumatic events significantly affect not only the effectiveness of their professional activities, but also their mental health and the occurrence of various deformations of their personality. Therefore, at present, it is very important to study the characteristics of the relationship between feelings of guilt and post-traumatic stress disorder in military personnel. The aim of the article is to determine the relationship between guilt feelings and post-traumatic stress disorder in military personnel. The empirical study revealed that the severity of the indicators of post-traumatic stress disorders in servicemen depends on the intensity of their feelings of guilt.

The relevance of the study is due to the fact that there has been an increase in the upward trend in income disproportion in the past 30 years in the world, which can worsen the socio-economic situation and provoke social tension in society. The purpose of the article is to assess the severity of this problem in Russia and offer fiscal instruments to compensate for it. According to the results of the study, it was found out that disproportion in Russia and in the world had increased over the past 30 years; the reasons for this phenomenon in Russia are determined; social transfers and a progressive scale of taxation are considered as compensation methods.

The relevance of the topic is due to the emergence of new problems and aspects of monetary policy because of the pandemic in Russia, in connection with which the inflation rate by years is presented, as well as three schemes of the economic situation development. The authors present yearly forecast for GDP and inflation and describe the impact of the coronavirus on monetary policy. The aim of the work is to analyze the problems of monetary policy during the coronavirus epidemic, to establish the reasons for the key rate cut. The study helped to identify the areas most affected by the coronavirus and note the government's measures taken to support citizens.

In the context of growing global challenges, the situation related to the problem of poverty will only get worse. Therefore, the development of mechanisms aimed at reducing poverty is critically relevant. The aim of the work is to study the determinants and mechanisms of overcoming poverty of the working population. The main factors leading to poverty are revealed. According to the results of the study, it has been found out that overcoming poverty requires an active social policy, the essence of which is to strengthen the social component of economic development with simultaneous improving the system of motivation mechanism for highly productive work and productive employment, which will ensure a decent level of wages and income. The authors show the patterns of poverty generation in the system of social reproduction and propose strategic directions for overcoming poverty.

The purpose of the article is to study theoretical approaches to the implementation of various measures to support small businesses at the regional level. At present, the development and functioning of small business requires increased attention at all levels. A special role in this process is played by the regional level, where the formation of a support system takes place, which directly affects the key showings of the business. The article discusses the principles, essence and functions of small business, various aspects of its impact on the development of the region. In addition, the work presents the main forms of support for small businesses at the regional level, factors influencing the functioning and development of small businesses, the main objects of business infrastructure in the region. In the proposed work, the authors use a standard methodology including the following elements: development of a research algorithm, conduct of content analysis, selection of research methods, assessment of parameters and substantiation of factors influencing on the subject of research. Methods of synthesis and analysis, methods of tabular and graphical visualization of research results are used as the main research methods in this work, which made it possible to form a comprehensive idea of the object of research – a system for supporting small businesses. The system of supporting small businesses in this article is considered from the viewpoint of an integrated and factor approaches.