№ 11 (November)

Currently, there is a huge competition in the labor market with a balance of supply and demand, and, more than ever, there is a problem of activating human potential. Employers try to select employees who are able to work hard and productively, and employees, in order to be in demand and successful, try to maximize their professional potential and creative abilities, to achieve the highest results in the profession. However, higher educational institutions interact with employers only formally. It is important to establish partnership with employers in the process of training at a university on the basis of mutually beneficial cooperation, including regular interaction with educational customers in the learning process and to form a professional orientation among students, immersing them in professional activities from the first year. The aim of the study is to define and theoretically substantiate a set of conditions, technologies, mechanisms that ensure the formation of the professional orientation of economics majors in the educational process of the university. In the proposed technology, the method of modular training is used, which makes it possible to divide the educational process into separate independent units. The author's target program developed with the use of the mechanism of social partnership and interaction is presented. The article clarifies the concept of the formation of a professional orientation of an individual, reveals the grounds for designing and the content of the author's target program for the formation of a professional orientation in bachelors at the university, characterizes the stages and gives scientifically grounded practical recommendations for improving program support and diagnostic support of the pedagogical process. The results of the application of the program were high indicators of the formation of a professional orientation among bachelors, consisting of educational and professional motivation of students, formation of professional ideas, independence in decision-making, formation of professional thinking, development of creative abilities and development of a positive attitude towards the future profession.

The relevance of the topic is due to the fact that the main task of additional education at the moment is to provide students with knowledge and skills that will not become outdated in the foreseeable future, to form and develop such personal qualities that will make it easier for a person to adapt to social realities, will help a person to fulfil himself/herself in a complex, contradictory society in the most adequate ways in personal and social terms. Thus, at present, the issue of improving work to improve the quality of education, the effectiveness of teaching activities, and assessing the quality of the work of the teaching staff is especially serious in the additional education of children. Quality management in education acts as a strategic component in the system of activities of additional education institutions, ensuring the purposeful work of all subjects of the pedagogical process in terms of functioning and development, as well as creating flexible organizational structures and diverse educational and developmental programs. The purpose of the study considered in the article is to find a systemic approach to managing the quality of educational activities in a particular institution of additional education. The issue of the quality of educational activities is considered through the content, aspects of the development and implementation of the Development Program of the municipal educational institution of additional education - the Center for Creative Development "Oktyabrsky" (Izhevsk), the results of the of the program "Monitoring of educational activities quality" implementation are evaluated. The needs of children and the expectations of parents for the possibility and necessity of getting high-quality additional education put forward new requirements for the competences of a modern teacher, who has a direct influence on the quality of the educational process. Therefore, special attention is paid to the description of a mobile system for improving the professional competency of teachers, taking into account new trends in additional education. The results of the study prove the need for systematic work to form a mechanism for a unified system for collecting, processing and storing information about the condition of the educational process in each educational institution. The theoretical and practical significance of this study lies in the creation of flexible methods that allow an educational institution to choose a suitable system for assessing the quality of education.

Inclusive educational environment presupposes the formation of a new system of social interaction between subjects of educational relations. It forms qualitatively different relations between subjects than in other educational environments. The specificity of these relations is largely determined by the transformation of their usual functions, due to the need for an increasingly significant inclusion in the solution of the problem of individualizing an inclusive educational environment. The purpose of the article is to substantiate scientifically and objectify empirically the ways for the necessary transformations of the system of psychological and pedagogical support in the aspect of interaction with parents of students with disabilities on the basis of stimulating their subjective activity. To achieve this goal, we studied the expectations of parents of this category of students in relation to their inclusive education. The results of this study are presented in the article. The leading theoretical approach for our research is the subjective approach. In addition, as a methodological approach to the study of this problem, we focused on identifying the grounds for the subjective activity of parents of students with disabilities. The conducted empirical research using the method of unstructured interviews made it possible to define appropriately and consistently the types of parental expectations. It showed that the expectations of the parents of students with disabilities reflect their parental positions and needs, and also reveals the problematic field of contradictions that need to be overcome in the process of psychological and pedagogical support. The theoretical significance of the research results lies in the enrichment of scientific ideas about the characteristics and stimuli of subjective parental activity in an inclusive educational environment, about the specifics and effective mechanisms of its individualization under conditions of inclusion based on the typology of parental expectations. The practical significance of the obtained research results is determined by the development of recommendations for increasing the subjective activity of parents in this environment, taking into account the identified typology of their expectations.

Order of the Ministry of science and higher education of the Russian Federation № 987 of August 12, 2020 approved the Federal state standard for the area of training 21.05.04 Mining. The development of modern technological production, such as mining and processing, requires high-level personnel training. This leaves an imprint on the process of their learning, the vector of which is determined by the educational standard. This is what makes the issue of analyzing the Federal State Educational Standard 3 ++ in the area of training 21.05.04 relevant: on the one hand, in connection with the introduction of this standard, on the other, with the absence of an approximate educational program in the area of training. The purpose of the work is to identify the main factors that have made it necessary to update the FSES, and a number of innovations in the FSES 3 ++. The leading research methods of the problem are theoretical (analysis of pedagogical literature on the problem) and interpretation methods. The article presents a comparative analysis of FSES 3+ and updated FSES 3 ++ in the area of training 21.05.04 Mining. The authors studied changes in the structure and content of the Federal State Educational Standard in the area of training 21.05.04 Mining, the requirements for its implementation. The article emphasizes that the changes in the Federal State Educational Standard 3 ++ in comparison with the Federal State Educational Standard 3+ in the area of training 21.05.04 Mining reflect the continuity between educational standards. The change in the competences of a specialist was especially noted: universal competences were proposed instead of general cultural competences, the definition of general professional competences was changed, professional competences should be determined by an educational organization with a focus on professional standards. The authors emphasize the increased role of the employer in creating an educational program and developing a list of professional competences in the studied area of training. The practical significance of the work lies in the fact that the presented analysis of FSES 3+ and FSES 3 ++ not only revealed changes in the updated standard, but it should also be taken into account when developing professional educational programs in the direction of training 21.05.04 Mining. The article may be interesting for teachers and heads of educational organizations preparing specialists in the field of mining, as well as scientists conducting research in the field of continuous professional training.

The problem of student development as a subject is quite traditional for the psychological and pedagogical research of higher education. The theoretical foundations for the study of student activities were laid in the works of domestic and foreign scientists S.L. Rubinstein, B.G. Ananyeva, E.F. Seeer, D. Super, J. Holland and others. Psychologists and educators have studied the formation of a student as a person in the process of education in higher educational institutions. As a result, the authors identified the consequences that may arise in case of an unjustified and accidental choice by a student of the direction of training at a university and negatively affect his/her professional self-determination. Therefore, the purpose of our study is to consider the theoretical and analytical aspects of the formation of the professional orientation of students in the context of educational risks arising in the learning process. The scientific relevance is due to the lack of researches on this issue, groundlessness of psychological and pedagogical conditions that increase the effectiveness of the formation of students’ professional orientation, the lack of development mechanism for assigning values to the chosen profession in the educational process of the university. In this regard, the article discusses the issue of educational risks that can inhibit the formation of professional orientation of students, which leads to low cognitive and social motivation. As a result, the future specialist has a weak professional orientation, which leads to a lack of interest in mastering the profession he/she acquires. Thus, at the initial stage of our research, a questionnaire was conducted among students in the area of training "Chemistry" (direction "Medical and Pharmaceutical Chemistry"), specialty "Pharmacy", allowing us to determine the educational risks and factors that influenced the choice of a university, specialty. The results obtained will help to determine the variability of methods, technologies, to make the process of forming a professional orientation in the field of pharmacy more flexible.

The computerization of society and subsequent globalization made it necessary to cultivate patriotism in every member of the modern society. At the same time, it is necessary to implement this process using ICT today. This is especially appropriate for children who meet every day with a gadget, computer or TV. The software tool that children prefer most is a computer game. We suggest that computer games are an effective means of patriotic education for primary school students. A huge interest in such games among children, as well as their demonstrativeness and interactivity, allow us to evoke the necessary feelings and emotions in the child and direct them to the required actions. The article presents an analysis of works devoted to the formation of patriotism: the essence of patriotism, patriotic education is studied; the principle of natural conformity is defined as the main one in the formation of patriotism; taking into account its principles, we analyzed the approaches to determining the purpose, content, methods, forms and means of patriotic education of primary school students. Based on the results of the analysis, we formulated the principles on the basis of which we designed a six-component theoretical model for the formation of patriotism in primary school students by means of computer games. The formation of patriotism is carried out in the course of patriotic education. This process is continuous and is carried out in stages in accordance with the age periods of a person's life. In the theoretical model, the goal is presented taking into account the FSES of primary general education. Based on the goal and component composition of patriotism, the content and diagnostic tools for evaluating the possible result are determined. The main tools in the model are computer games about the native region and the Fatherland. Their opportunities for implementing patriotic education of primary school students are described. The formation of patriotism by means of computer games can be carried out using various methods in the classroom form of training in full-time, distance and mixed formats. The teacher provides the game with a discussion with explanations and additions. Based on the theoretical model, a methodological map was worked out for the formation of patriotism as love for the native region, the Tula region, among primary school students. The worked out map includes methodological support for the implementation of the process of inspiring patriotism in younger students by means of designed computer games about the Tula region and it can be used in school practice. The study is theoretical in nature and it requires experimental confirmation.

The article highlights the issue of patriotic education of student youth, examines the theoretical and practical foundations of patriotism, a culture of patriotism, presents the results of a study of youth perception of the theme of the Great Patriotic War, which was conducted by the Russian Society of Sociologists in 2019-2020. The aim of the work is a holistic presentation of the generalized experience of educational extracurricular work of Ryazan State University named after S.A. Yesenin in the context of the Year of Memory and Glory in the Russian Federation and taking into account the peculiarities of the organization of the educational process of the university in a distance format in an unfavorable epidemiological situation. The methodological basis of the work is formed by the systemic, environmental and personality-oriented approaches. Following the selected approaches, in the light of the analysis of new opportunities in organizing work with youth, the most effective remote forms and methods of extracurricular work at the university and their characteristics are highlighted, the resources of the information and communication environment of the university in the context of the spread of coronavirus infection COVID-19 are given. Particular attention is paid to the scientific potential of the university, the contribution of scholarly historians of Ryazan State University to the preservation of the historical truth about the Great Patriotic War and the prospects for scientific research and further research in the field of history education, which contributes to the theoretical significance of the work. The practical significance of the results obtained follows from the generalized experience of educational extracurricular work of Ryazan State University named after S.A. Yesenin in the light of the celebration of the 75th anniversary of Victory in the Great Patriotic War. Nowadays, especially in the period of the distance format of the work of universities, the continuation of work on the patriotic education of student youth is important and relevant. The authors describe the experience of the university, formed with the use of research and practical work. In the opinion of the authors, it is important that during the period of the pandemic, the university staff created such conditions that students did not feel the loss of connection with the university, which is important in the work on patriotic education of young people and the formation of general cultural competences of students. In the current conditions, being involved in the activities of student associations, project work, volunteer movement, everyone should have the opportunity to make a personal contribution to the preservation of the historical truth about the Great Patriotic War, to the formation of a civic active position, which is important in the work on patriotic education of the youth and the formation of general cultural competences of students. This publication is to share positive experience in the extraordinary conditions of the activities of all universities in the Russian Federation.

The relevance of the article is due to the wide spread of cerebral palsy and its disabling effect on the child, as well as the importance of timely formation of adequate self-esteem for full adaptation and life in society. The purpose of the research conducted within the framework of this article is to study the features of adolescents’ self-esteem under the influence of a disabling disease. In this regard, the method "Testing the self-esteem of a high school student" was used, the results of which showed that the average level of self-esteem (adequate) has a smaller part of adolescents with cerebral palsy. The inappropriately low level of self-esteem prevails among them; high levels of self-esteem in adolescents with cerebral palsy were not registered.

The article shows the relevance of studying the self-concept as one of the factors that help reach personal potential, ensuring the development of the ability to self-actualize. The purpose of the article is to demonstrate that the levels of self-development are reflected in the different organization of the cognitive and evaluative components of the self-concept in adolescents. According to the results of a comparative analysis, it has been found that persons actively fulfilling their needs for self-development are characterized by self-respect and autosympathy. Persons who do not have an established system of self-development find primarily shortcomings in themselves and they are prone to self-deprecation.

The relevance of the implemented study is due to the increase in the number of persons with deviant forms of behavior, which negatively affects both the state of society in general and the development of these individuals in particular. The aim of the study was to understand the characteristics of adaptation to the environment in persons with drug and alcohol addiction and in a sample of persons without deviant behavior. The results obtained made it possible to state the absence of statistically significant differences in the degree of adaptation among persons with drug and alcohol addiction and respondents with no deviations in behavior. At the same time, the qualitative characteristic features of the adaptation were found in respondents with drug and alcohol addiction.

The relevance of studying this problem is due to the fact that motivation is one of the important criteria in the formation of a strategy of law enforcement officers’ labor behavior. The purpose of this article is to analyze the concept of motivation, study its structure, review methods for stimulating motivation, and examine motivation as the main factor in increasing the effectiveness of the professional activity of law enforcement organizations. Such important aspects as motives for choosing a profession, external and internal factors of motivation, the influence of employee motivation mechanisms on engaging in professional activities, the importance of the functional reliability of personnel were noted. The work reveals some features and methods of psychological service and management influence on the motivational sphere of law enforcement officers.

The article emphasizes the relevance of research on the influence of the digital environment on the socio-psychological adaptation of adolescents with disabilities living in rural areas. The purpose of the article is to study the influence features of the digital environment on the socio-psychological adaptation of adolescents with disabilities living in rural areas, where the digital environment acts as a means of social adaptation of adolescents with disabilities. An empirical study revealed that the digital environment contributes to the improvement of socio-psychological adaptation of adolescents with disabilities living in rural areas.

The most important branch of the Russian economy is trade. It provides the population of the country with jobs and is one of the key sources of filling the budgets of various levels. The study of the trading industry features in the context of administrative-territorial units (federal districts) allows us to identify the main trends in its development, problems and contradictions. The purpose of the article is to analyze the trading industry of the Southern Federal District for 2014–2018. As a result of the study, a decrease in the business activity of trade organizations was revealed, the indicators of tax revenues were analyzed, and the amount of debts of businesspersons engaged in wholesale and retail trade in taxes, fees, penalties and tax sanctions were revealed. The authors offer tools for improving the trade sphere in our country.

The relevance of this work is due to the importance of the business sector in the socio-economic development of the regional economy. In connection with the above, it is important to pay special attention to the development and functioning of small businesses at the regional level, where the formation of a support system and infrastructure is taking place. The purpose of this study is to identify the features and characteristics of the small business support system in the processes of its formation and development. The article discusses the theoretical aspects of the formation and development of the support system for small business in the Sverdlovsk region. The authors conduct a comprehensive study and give a detailed description of the existing support system for this sector of the economy.