RU

№ 11 (November)

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The introduction of the competence-based paradigm in higher education implies a change in the learning model and the methods used. The increased need for the formation of universal competences and professionally significant qualities causes the expansion of the use of interactive teaching methods and the development of programs based on them. The increased interest in interactive teaching methods is justified, since their use in university teaching practice is most optimal in the formation of competences. Communicative tolerance is a key professionally significant quality in the structure of professional qualities of a social worker. This quality reflects the ability to build interpersonal interactions with clients of social work. A social worker with communicative tolerance is able to maintain emotional stability in difficult situations of interaction with people in difficult life situations. The purpose of the article is to substantiate, develop and test a communicative tolerance training program for students who major in "Social work", to conduct a test study to evaluate the effectiveness of the training program. The leading method of studying the problem is an experimennal study, which allows evaluating the effectiveness of the developed and tested program for training communicative tolerance. The results of the work show that the students who took part in the training based on interactive teaching methods increased the overall level of communicative tolerance. The number of students with the “Average level of acceptance of others” indicator increased by 16% at the end of the training. These results are significant and important in the context of the professional training of social workers and specifically for the formation of the universal competence UC-5 (Able to perceive the intercultural diversity of society in the socio-historical, ethical and philosophical contexts). Competence UC-5 is a key planned result of teaching students the discipline "Ethics and deontology of social work". The training program for the formation of communicative tolerance can be used in future when teaching students who major in "Social work" field within the framework of the "Ethics and deontology of social work" discipline. The training program for the formation of communicative tolerance, with the necessary adjustments, can be used in the training of specialists in other helping specialties: teachers, psychologists, lawyers, doctors, etc. Testing of the training and evaluation of its effectiveness led to the conclusion that the process of developing communicative tolerance should not be limited to the participation of students in one training program. This process should be permanent and include additional theoretical classes, as well as group classes on this topic at least once a year. This article can become a methodological basis for further study of the problem of communicative tolerance and the development of methodological tools both for students who major in "Social Work" field and other socionomic specialties.
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The current stage of development of pedagogical theory and practice is characterized by the transition to learning within the modern information educational environment based on digital educational platforms. The need to organize the educational process at the present stage is in conflict with the insufficient level of preparedness of teachers and students for educational activities in the new conditions. The proposed approach consists in the development and implementation in practice of the regulation of pedagogical interaction between the subjects of the pedagogical process. Based on a review of domestic and foreign studies, a system of requirements for the regulations (complexity, detail, particularity and unambiguity) is developed. The methodological basis for the design of the regulation is determined. It includes the theory of contextual learning, and the place of the regulation in it (as an element of the semiotic learning model). The pedagogical regulation based on six key provisions is described. First provision: description of the main used objects, events and activities, requirements for them, and all possible subjects of the regulated process. The second position: the orientation of each subject of interaction to achieve specific results, bringing together the overall goal of learning; complete and comprehensive designation and bringing the results to all subjects of the educational process. Third position: scheduling and synchronization of actions of the teacher and students; determination of the time frame for events and procedures planned within the course, regulation of the timing of the certain work implementation. Fourth provision: transparency and accessibility of information about the course of the educational process based on a certain format and procedure for notifying the subjects of the educational process about all significant time milestones. Fifth position: providing feedback and counseling. Sixth provision: regulation of the assessment system and transparency of the assessment system for all subjects of the educational process. In accordance with the accepted theoretical provisions, the exemplary content of the regulations for the pedagogical interaction of the subjects of the pedagogical process occurring within the framework of the information educational space is outlined. The theoretical significance of the study lies in the fact that a comprehensive approach to the construction of pedagogical regulations is proposed, which includes a methodological basis, a system of requirements and a structure. The practical significance of the proposed regulation is due to the fact that it will significantly compensate for the problem of insufficient readiness of teachers and students for educational activities (in its various aspects) within the framework of the modern information educational environment based on digital educational platforms.
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Within the framework of modern art education, there is a problem of the formation of students' communication skills in the context of digital education, especially the educational process with the involvement of modern online technologies. With the transition to partially distance learning, it was noted that students' communication skills develop spontaneously, especially in the process of artistic and design activities. The relevance of this study is due to the need to develop a new methodology for the formation of competences of art students with the use of digital technologies in the educational process when there is no specific methodology for solving design problems in art and design activities in a remote format. Communication skills are the key ones in the profession of a designer and artist, so graduates of the Design area of training must fully develop their skill of visual communication and be able to express creative thoughts and ideas. The purpose of the article is to work out a methodology aimed at developing communication skills among "Design" majors, for the successful application of visual and informative design projects. The leading method of studying this problem was the method of comparative pedagogical analysis - an empirical analysis of the results of artistic design and research activities of design majors; development of creative tasks and pedagogical experiment using digital educational technologies. A methodology has been developed that contributes to the effective mastering of the methodological principles of work on a design project by students and develops communication skills through the organization of artistic and design activities. The basis of the study is the application of an experimental methodology for planning study time. The practical significance of the results of the study lies in the development of effective approaches to artistic and design activities when working on a presentation final project in the profile discipline "Specialization", which will increase the efficiency of the educational process in the "Design" area of training.
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The events held within the framework of the Decade of Childhood in Russia are focused on creating favorable conditions for the harmonious development of children. Harmonious development is impossible without a constructive attention to the quality of the basic process in which the child is involved from preschool age - to the system of basic general education. Considering the first level of general education – preschool education, we note that the most important at this stage is the formation of personality traits in the child that allow him/her to participate in socially significant activities. These personality traits include initiative, independence, responsibility, mobility, the ability for self-realization and creativity. There is an obvious need to shift the main accent in preschool education from the teacher to the child, who would be able to accept or independently construct learning for the present task and solve it. At the same time, the solution of the learning task is not aimed at changing it itself, but at transforming the subject who solves it. Each subject can independently put his own meaning into the task itself and its solution. That is why the purpose of the article is to describe the technology of constructing learning tasks for preschool education programs. The authors of the article determine the methodological aspects of the formulation of tasks aimed at achieving educational results by preschoolers. By presenting such tasks formulations to children, the teacher sets certain goals for them and for himself/herself, the achievement of which contributes to the solution of other problems. The leading approach is the cognitive paradigm of education. As a result of this study, the authors considered approaches to learning, to the types of tasks to achieve them. The theoretical significance of the article lies in the contribution to the development of scientific ideas about the possibilities of constructing learning tasks in preschool education. The practical implementation of the technology of constructing learning tasks will create favorable conditions for the harmonious development of children in the system of preschool education.
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The relevance of this article is determined by the requirements of the federal state educational standard of primary general education, which focuses on the formation of soft skills in primary school students. Soft skills are important in the process of shaping a young student's personality, since they contribute to the development of critical perception of various sources of information, making non-standard decisions in a problematic situation, as well as the effective building of communication in teamwork. In the era of accelerated digitalization in education, the issue of the soft skills formation is of particular importance, since the need to build up social experience is increasing every year. As emphasized in the provisions of the federal state standard, soft skills are the basis for effective interaction with other people, which later ensures success in life. According to E.S. Ermakov, creativity and the ability to solve complex situational tasks are among the most significant competences for students in primary school. The purpose of this study is to diagnose and characterize the levels of formation of soft skills in primary school students. The article describes experimental and statistical data of the diagnosing stage of the pedagogical experiment, and also develops criteria, indicators and characteristics of the levels of soft skills formation in primary school students. The following methods were used in the course of the study: the original author's questionnaire "Is it necessary to develop soft skills?", the questionnaire to identify the most important meta-subject results of students by O.N. Krylova and E.G. Boitsova, the test "The level of cooperation in the children's collective" by D. B. Elkonin, cases for determining the level of personal development, as well as the statistical method of the Student's t-test. Thus, according to the results of diagnostics of the levels of formation of soft skills in primary school students, a predominantly low and medium level of soft skills formation was revealed. That is why the directions of educational work were put forward to increase the level of soft skills formation in primary school students. The article will be of interest to class tutors, subject teachers, teachers-psychologists working in primary secondary schools and to teachers of additional education who are engaged in organizing the process of forming soft skills in primary school students.
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The following article provides the description of a systemic approach to the organization of career guidance work and its deep philosophical understanding in the conditions of modern dynamically changing socio-cultural reality. The purpose of the work is to study career guidance as a part of an integral educational system characterized by the orderly structure of functional relationships and the ability to evolve. In the course of the study, a set of methods was used: scientific and philosophical analysis of the proposed approach, analysis of psychological and pedagogical literature and the author's own experience, testing procedure. The scientific and philosophical foundation of this study is the cycle of cognition based on the concept of transduction and functioning of integral systems capable of self-reproduction in form and self-development in content. The article suggests the author's approach to the organization of professional orientation through the implementation of an educational and adaptation course in chemistry with an emphasis on the cognitive abilities of students and the cognitive style of the teacher. Being the methodological basis of career guidance work, the course ensures its cyclical nature, which allows for an annual analysis of the effectiveness of this work and making the necessary changes. Career guidance events (group and individual conversations; master classes conducted by students, thematic evenings and discussions) are included in the educational process. A stable and orderly internal structure of functional relationships is formed through the use of cognitive technologies that affect the perception of vocational guidance information by schoolchildren. Its deep and complete perception is facilitated by a democratic style of communication and the establishment of friendly relations. Career guidance testing allows students to evaluate their cognitive abilities and stimulates the process of self-discovery. The practical significance of the study lies in the fact that the proposed approach allows schoolchildren to make the right choice of the sphere of their future professional activity. The effectiveness of the approach was confirmed by the successful study at the university and the continuing desire to devote themselves to the chosen profession after the career guidance course. The proposed approach is universal in the context of the cognitive abilities of the teacher. It is recommended for use in comprehensive schools.
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The study of ideas about coping strategies and subjective comfort of people with disabilities is of particular relevance and significance. The data obtained will form the basis for the development of rehabilitation programs aimed at the formation and development of cognitive and behavioral strategies that will help people with disabilities cope with difficult life situations. The purpose of the study is to find the relationship of coping strategies with subjective comfort among people with disabilities. In the course of an empirical study, it was found that the higher was the level of subjective well-being, the more people with disabilities were focused on solving problems instead of avoiding them.
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The relevance of the study lies in the fact that, despite the recognition and study of the burnout syndrome, there is still a large number of recorded cases of burnout among teachers. In addition, the impact of the value sphere of the individual on the manifestation of the syndrome is not sufficiently defined, and in this regard, preventive measures and methods for its elimination remain focused only on external factors. The purpose of our work was to study the relationship between value orientations and emotional burnout among teachers. We believe that the sum of individual factors is the most important and significant in terms of preventing burnout syndrome.
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The article presents the results of the study on the problem of the attitude of employees and students to the university campus through their perception of the characteristics that belong to the groups "beautiful" and "unbeautiful", and the identification of the behavioral attitudes of actors to participate in the improvement of the campus. Main research methods are survey (the authors' development based on the methodological provisions of V.N. Myasishchev); modeling of the architectural and landscape environment; analysis and generalization. The survey was conducted in two stages: assessment of the real university campus and the project on its improvement. 47 employees and 52 students took part in the survey. It was revealed that the respondents perceive the real university campus as “simple” 42.6%, “sad” 25.0%, “careless” and “quite appropriate to the university campus” 14.7% respectively. The grounds of the improvement project are assessed as "beautiful" and "designer" by 23.3% respectively and "quite appropriate for the university campus" by 31.0%. An increase in the activity of respondents to take part in improving the new “beautiful” grounds by 21.9%, to participate in annual subbotniks by 12.3% was found. A sensitive attentive attitude of respondents to the real campus and a positive thoughtful attitude to the project, a sympathetic attitude to its improvement and caring for its preservation were revealed. The authors consider it expedient to more actively involve students and academic teachers in developing projects for improvement of university grounds as part of project activities, term papers and final qualifying papers (projects); to supplement the algorithm for designing the architectural and landscape environment with a component aimed at studying the attitude of actors to the grounds (real and project).
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The relevance of the study consists in an attempt to empirically verify the idea about the opposition of self-realization of the individual and the tendency to deviant behavior as it is stated in the psychological literature. The purpose of the study was to test the assumption about the connection of self-realization aspects with various forms of deviant behavior. As a result, we found significant correlations between certain aspects of self-realization of young men studying in secondary specialized educational institutions and some forms of deviant behavior. The revealed connections are accompanied by probabilistic interpretations.
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The relevance of the topic under study is due to the objective need for the government support for social entrepreneurship, which helps to solve serious social problems in the majority of regions of the Russian Federation. The aim of the study is to analyze the level of support for social entrepreneurship in the Sverdlovsk region. The article considers the infrastructure, types and measures of support for social enterprises and citizens planning to work in the field of social entrepreneurship in the Sverdlovsk region. An assessment of the level of support for entrepreneurship at the present stage is given. Recommendations are formulated for improving support measures and developing social entrepreneurship in the region.