№ 08 (August)

The relevance of the research is justified by the need to apply new approaches to pedagogical research. The civilizational approach, in contrast to the formational and other scientific approaches, is actively used not only in philosophical and historical research, but also in pedagogical. The theoretical foundations of this approach help come to the heart of the studied pedagogical problems. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the disclosure of the main provisions of the civilizational approach and their application to pedagogy. This is due to the cardinal changes that took place in the twentieth century in all spheres of society, including education and the humanities. The need to apply new approaches in pedagogical research is also dictated by the development of pedagogical science and the accumulation of new knowledge, the increased interest of society in the upbringing and education of the younger generation. Since the civilizational approach includes the fundamental characteristics of the culture of a particular civilization, the specific features of upbringing and education process within the civilizations, the use of the approach will contribute to improving the quality of education, obtaining profound knowledge, developing research competences in students, and forming the cultural and historical environment of the Russian state. The theoretical significance of the study: it determines the need for a transition from a formational to a civilizational approach, as well as the development and use of an approach in pedagogy. The use of the approach by the scientific and pedagogical community shows the diversity of pedagogical systems and societies development within the framework of world civilizations. The purpose of the study is to highlight the main characteristics of the civilizational approach in the methodology of pedagogical research as well as common and different characteristics of "civilization" concept, and to determine the possibility of using the civilizational approach for a more profound study of pedagogical problems. The authors speak about some peculiarities of "civilization" concept interpretation, revealing its meaning in case of applying to pedagogy. The paper examines similar and different meanings of the "civilization" concept in pedagogy and history, as well as the unique features of the Russian civilization formation and the impact of these features on the development of pedagogical research. It is emphasized that they used an exclusively formational approach in pedagogy for a long time, but after the collapse of the world bipolar system at the end of the 20th century, scientists began to apply a civilizational approach. The authors justify the use of this approach in pedagogy of both higher and secondary schools not only by creating the most important prerequisites for the education of schoolchildren and students, but also by preserving historical and collective memory in social systems. It is believed that the use of the civilizational approach in pedagogical research contributes to the study of various processes, taking into account the specifics of the social and cultural foundations of society in which pedagogical processes take place. The approach increases the potential of scientific research, as it examines the specific features of education and upbringing created within civilizations. Pedagogical paradigms and educational models that were embedded in the socio-cultural foundations of civilizations were directly connected with the reproduction of a certain type of a person, an ethnos that was in unity with the traditions of society and the dominant system of cultural and religious values in it. The authors believe that the application of the civilizational approach to pedagogy, in the process of education and upbringing, can be an effective and essential condition for both professional and personal growth.

The relevance of the article is due to the problem of the formation of professional competence among students in the context of the development of a digital educational environment in higher school. The purpose of the article is to analyze the constituent components of the educational information environment at the university. As practice has shown, in the development of education digitalization, this factor determines the need to improve all types of support for the educational process, including the information technology. The transition to digitalization of education initiates the need keep the activities of academic staff in the information and educational environment of the university, methods for its implementation and the search for new information technologies. At the same time, it is important to note that in the context of digital development of education, it is necessary to examine the development of the information and educational environment at the university. The main hypothesis of the study is based on the assumption that the level of formation of professional competence among students will increase if the essence and content of the information and educational environment is revealed in relation to the process of formation of professional competence among university students. The structure of the information and educational environment of the university is theoretically substantiated, which makes the basis for the formation of professional competence in students in the context of education digitalization. The development of the information and educational environment of the university would allow us not only to regulate the theoretical approaches to the study of the concept of "students’ professional competences formation", but also to improve the practical work for their formation. It should be noted that the educational information environment created at the university provides students as subjects in their activities (educational, research, professional, etc.) with such conditions and opportunities under which the formation of professional competence is carried out in the process of studying at the university.

In today's world, it becomes important for foreign students to communicate and interact within the framework of intercultural communication, involving active participation in the system of national values, traditions, customs, norms and rules of behaviour in the target language country. In this respect there is a contradiction between the potential of teaching Russian as a foreign language in formation of not only communicative, but also the universal competence of foreign students and the lack of effective didactical conditions of its formation. The need to resolve the contradictions determined the problem of our study: what is the potential of didactic conditions for using communicative games method in teaching Chinese students Russian as a foreign language in the formation of universal competence. The purpose of this study is to develop didactic conditions for the use of communicative-game method in teaching Russian as a foreign language to Chinese students. The article was prepared on the basis of the use of personal-activity and communicative approaches. A set of mutually-validating and complementary research methods was also used: methods of theoretical analysis; diagnostic methods; interview; methods of statistical data processing. According to the results of the study, it was found that the optimization of the process of teaching Russian as a foreign language to Chinese students would be more effective with the use of the developed didactic conditions for using the communicative-game method. The theoretical value and novelty of the work lies in the fact that the didactic conditions for using the communicative-game method in teaching Russian as a foreign language to Chinese students from a position of personal-active and communicative approaches are scientifically justified. The theoretical and practical foundations of the communicative-game method of teaching Russian as a foreign language to Chinese students in Russian and foreign universities are identified and established. The practical significance of the study is in determining the most effective methods and forms of game work at various stages of practical classes in Russian as a foreign language, contributing to the formation of communicative and universal competences of Chinese students.

Higher education has no equal in terms of the scale and power of influence on all aspects of society development, therefore it must meet the modern requirements of social development. The transition of society to a new condition is accompanied by qualitative shifts in all spheres of human life, including higher education, which plays a multifunctional role. The purpose of the study is to identify the resource potential of higher education in the innovative development of society. To achieve the goal, a general scientific systemic approach was applied, in accordance with which higher education is considered as a complex dynamic system. A conceptual (theoretical) analysis of the main trends in the development of the modern higher education system is used. Modern scientific publications served as the theoretical and methodological basis for the study. The analysis of scientific literature indicates that we have certain theoretical prerequisites for researching the problems of higher education. A review of scientific publications makes it possible to assert that the socio-economic conditions of higher education development have a significant impact on the innovative development of society. As a result of the study, the factors that determine the resource potential of higher education in the innovative development of society have been identified. These are : a strategy of advanced development of the higher education system; development of a new concept of academic staff training; ensuring the possibility of obtaining high quality education; system of effective financing of education; stimulating the productive activity of teachers; flexible and individualized system of staff motivation in educational institutions; objectivity, transparency, dynamism and flexibility of criteria for assessing the success of university staff. The theoretical significance of the work lies in the possibility of using the results of the research conducted by the author, her conclusions as the basis for expanding the base for further research in the stated area in order to form a comprehensive opinion about the problem.

The relevance of the problem of university students’ sociocultural competence formation is determined by the currently growing demand for qualified specialists who are able to use and develop information meaningfully in relation to various sociocultural contexts. Project learning, which requires active interaction with information in the process of solving problems, is one of the most effective means of forming sociocultural competence. However, in order to shift the emphasis from the "consumption" of information to its comprehension and development, project learning should be supplemented by a mechanism of meaning-making. The purpose of the article is to describe the possibility of sociocultural competence formation through the activation of meaning-making on the basis of sociocultural tasks integrated into project learning, and to develop a typology and content of sociocultural tasks through hermeneutic, role-playing and problem research methods. The methodological basis of the study is the analysis of modern scientific-methodological and psychological-pedagogical works of foreign and Russian scientists. On the basis of psychological and pedagogical patterns of meaning-making, the authors of the article clarified the content of the concepts "sociocultural competence" and "sociocultural task", which helps to regulate the terminological system of modern pedagogy. The ideas about the ways of organizing project learning using the meaning-making mechanism and hermeneutic methods have been supplemented, due to which we have a high level of personal and meaning involvement of students, the activation of understanding processes, interpretation and meaningful use of information. The main principles of activating meaning-making in project learning are highlighted: subject orientation, integration, independence, individual involvement, personal orientation, dialogue and context involvement. The key result of the study is developed by the authors typology of sociocultural tasks as a meaning-making component of project learning. The typology of sociocultural tasks includes motivational, meaning-actualizing, communicative activity-oriented and reflexive tasks that are built into different types of projects and contribute to personally meaningful comprehension, development and use of information in different sociocultural contexts.

The relevance of the study is due to the didactic opportunities of 3D technology tools for training the in-demand “engineer of the future”, who would have research skills and experience of intellectual work, supported by modern high-tech tools. The problem that the study is aimed at is determined by the need to form a special engineering style of thinking in the conditions of a digital educational environment, which implies readiness for research, creativity, responsibility, intellectual skills. The purpose of the study is to identify the features of the use of 3D technology for the formation of engineering thinking as an important competence of an in-demand specialist in digital society. The methodology is based on a theoretical analysis and generalization of scientific works, the significance of which is recognized by the scientific community in the field of digitalization of education, training of engineering and technical personnel, three-dimensional modeling, and the use of software for the development of thinking. The paper clarifies the essence of the concept of “engineering thinking” in the context of training specialists for Industry 4.0 and substantiates the potential of 3D technologies for the formation of engineering thinking as a necessary quality of personnel in the digital economy. The authors formulate the principles of organizing research activities of students in 3D-modeling. Evaluation of the formation of engineering thinking, analysis of design works of students using 3D technology to solve the whole spectrum of professional tasks of a future specialist, generalization of the results of design work were carried out in the process of a pedagogical experiment. The sign criterion G was used as a method of statistical processing and verification of the reliability of the results. In conclusion, the features of engineering thinking formation using 3D technologies in the educational process are summarized. The materials of the article can be used, firstly, for pedagogical support of the formation of engineering thinking of students in the process of design activity to develop “smart” solutions and design 3D models; secondly, for vocational guidance, personal self-determination, taking into account the challenges of the future and the requirements of Industry 4.0.

Today one of the priority directions of education development is its digitalization, the main goal of which is to improve the quality of education. Various digital resources are offered to complement traditional learning tools. When choosing them, each educational institution, as well as a teacher, should not only intelligently include resources in the educational process, transform methods, technologies, teaching methods, but also be guided by their facilities to meet the requirements of the federal state educational standard of basic general education, both to subject results and to meta-subject ones, in particular, to regulatory universal learning actions. The article is devoted to the issue of studying the opportunities of using online services for the formation of regulatory universal learning actions among students of grades 7–9. Based on the experience of Russian teachers, within the framework of this article, the online service "YaKlass" was selected, which is one of the most promising educational resources not only in Russia, but also abroad. It is intended for students learning all basic school subjects. The purpose of the article is to study the opportunities of using the online service "YaKlass" for the formation of regulatory universal learning actions among students of grades 7–9 and test them in educational practice. The research methodology is based on system-activity, personality-oriented and digital approaches to teaching, analysis of scientific publications and innovative experience on the specified problem. The results of the study highlight the main facilities of the online service "YaKlass" for the formation of all components of regulatory universal learning actions, describe the experience of the author and other teachers, provide some empirical data on the use of the resource in an educational institution. Summarizing the experience of foreign and domestic researchers in the implementation of digital technologies in the educational process in order to form students' regulatory skills add to the theoretical significance of the study. The article may be of interest to teachers, students of pedagogical universities, methodologists who study digital tools for the formation of regulatory universal learning actions among students.

The aim of the study is to reveal the nature and essence of love feelings in the existential-anthropological plots of the psychological theory of E. Erickson by analyzing the role of the object of love in the subjectivity of the loving person inner-self. Since the theme of love was not specially singled out by Eric Erickson, this determined the need for this study, which produced the following results: 1) the essence of love as an existential feeling was revealed, defined by E. Erickson through destination, which makes it possible to achieve ontological integrity both at the level of individual being (being as a loving person with a special personality structure) and universal being (giving both anthropologically more refined and ontologically more solid foundations of existence in the world), where both levels are interconnected through the existence of lovers being; 2) the nature of love is reconstructed, reflected in E. Erickson's ego-psychology in three virtues that determine each other (trust – loyalty – care) as the main vital forces of the evolutionary development of a person; 3) the mechanism of the subject-object interaction of the “participants” of love is shown, through which the nature of love is actualized and its essence is fully realized.

The article examines the relationship between spouses' satisfaction with marriage and their professional employment. The problem of marital relations quality is rather relevant in family psychology now. The purpose of the article is to examine the features of working spouses’ satisfaction with marriage. The study involved 60 married couples. It was noted that married men would not feel the need for favorable conditions of work, for its optimal organization, for the need to communicate with colleagues. Women who are satisfied with family relations do not strive for professional self-realization.

The relevance of the study of the inclination to cyberbullying in older teenagers is explained by the increasingly widespread occurrence of this phenomenon. The purpose of the article is to formulate the concept of "cyberbullying", to analyze the causes and characteristics of the categories of children who engage in bullying on the Internet. The main method of empirical research was the questionnaire method. The article presents the results of studying the tendency to cyberbullying in older teenagers, which is expressed by a low level of tolerance, hostility and aggressiveness. The practical significance of the article lies in the fact that the revealed characteristics of adolescents are the basis for organizing preventive work in an educational organization.

Today, we can observe a steady trend towards an increase in the number of children with a complex structure of speech disorders from preschool age already, which, in turn, lead to inadequacy of the child in the formation of communication skills, decrease in speech activity, as well as unpreparedness for schooling. That is why there is a constant need to focus on the full and high-quality formation of speech in children at an early stage of development. In order to do this work efficiently, it is necessary to know not only its entire structure, but also what it is necessary to fill its content with. Nowadays, there are a huge number of methodologies and techniques aimed at the formation and development of speech of children with various speech pathologies. Many of them comply with the modern requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard for preschool education and form a necessary basis in the correctional and developmental process. Nevertheless, preschool education requires the introduction of innovations in order to increase efficiency in achieving the set goals. The purpose of the article is to confirm the advisability and effectiveness of the innovative technology “Speech box” introduction in correctional speech therapy work with children for the development of speech. The use of this technology allows us not only to increase the motivational component in preschoolers, but also to solve several tasks for the correction and development of speech simultaneously, which makes it possible to mobilize the abilities of each child and achieve the desired result in a shorter time. The article provides examples of working with this technology in the correction process.

The article is devoted to the study of communication skills formation among fourth-graders in the process of preparing the "Space" project. One of the tasks of primary school is to develop skills of communication with peers. To solve this problem, we propose to use project activities. The aim of the study was to identify the pedagogical conditions for the formation of communication skills among fourth-graders through the preparation of the "Space" project. The authors consider theoretical and methodological aspects of the project activities use in the formation of communication skills in fourth-graders, and give examples of the organization of the "Space" project. The practical significance of the article lies in the fact that the pedagogical conditions for the formation of communication skills in fourth-graders can contribute to the development of communication skills of students in the process of working on a project.

Family conflicts are inevitable, especially in a young family. Working with couples requires taking into account the chosen form of cohabitation, on which the occurrence and course of conflict, attitudes and nature of interaction may depend. The aim is to describe the differences in attitudes towards conflict situations in the family among young people with different marital status. This made it possible to find a negative attitude towards the conflict situation in men in official and women in unofficial marriages, compared with men in unregistered and women in registered relationships. The most conflict-prone for couples in an official marriage is the violation of role expectations; for men living in an unofficial marriage – a manifestation of dominance, for women – relation with relatives and friends.

The article deals with the real problem of psychological barriers in innovations. The purpose of the work is to take a broad view on the nature and essence of barriers; to determine the causes of their occurrence in a person who is faced with something new, and the factors that contribute to reducing the negative impact of barriers on the effectiveness of innovation. The main results of the research: revelation of the relationship between the level of an individual's innovative readiness and his/her desire for self-realization, interest in self-development and professional achievements; recommendations for overcoming barriers.

The numerical assessment of a person's willpower has always remained an urgent problem in psychology. Diagnosing the state of willpower is useful in all areas of activity. This problem, however, has not yet been resolved. The purpose of the study is to build metric scales intended for such an assessment. Three interrelated concepts have been introduced: the power of independent volitional quality, the power of will expression and will power. To record the numerical characteristics, it is proposed to use two types of measuring grid – natural and standard metric scales. The need to use a natural scale is explained by the specifics of a particular measuring instrument. The standard scale compares measured volitional characteristics. A convenient unit for measuring willpower is proposed.

The purpose of this study is to study the role of the technology park in the development of innovations in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). The authors make an analysis of the role of the “Yakutia” technopark in the development of the high-tech sector of the country's economy. The main economic indices of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) are presented, the national rating of technoparks in Russia is studied. They examine the measures and programs of government investment support for residents of the technopark, as well as the development of the first IT-park in the Far Eastern Federal District. According to the results of the study, it can be noted that the functioning of the technopark shows a positive trend in the development of the republic's innovation infrastructure. Technoparks act as a powerful tool for the development of the high-tech sector of the Russian economy, and can also bring economic profit to the regions and, accordingly, improve the quality of life of the population. Thus, the need for technoparks in the regions of the country is great due to the rapid development of technologies, innovative production and engineering in the world.

The situation in the development of Russian society in the 21st century is characterized by fundamental socio-economic, political and demographic changes that are reflected in many areas of society. The most significant of these are pension problems [1]. The most important element of the pension system is its regional level. A regional support system is the organization of determining and paying pensions to citizens living in a given region, as well as receiving funds for these purposes. The functioning of this system is affected by the socio-economic level of development of the country as a whole and its individual regions, the demographic structure of the population, the ratio of employed and retired people, the standard of living, the material and technical base and the organizational level of the infrastructure of the pension system. The purpose of the article is to analyze regional differences in the pension system of the Russian Federation. The study showed a close relationship between financial flows between the federal budget, the pension fund and the regions, which ensured the effective functioning of the entire pension system at the present stage of its development.