№ 11 (November)

Digital technologies are entering the everyday life of every person. The process of education is changing either. This entails the need to change the methodological training of future primary school teachers in accordance with the requirements of the time. The modern stage of computerization in Russia has led to the emergence of a new generation of children. Teachers begin to work with children of the alpha generation. These are the children of a new generation, making new demands on society. Relevant for novice teachers is the correlation of the school digital educational space, their own experience in the use of information and communication technologies, the already existing computer experience of a modern child and the main goal of learning - acquisition of knowledge and skills. The future primary school teacher has to take into account the characteristic features of alpha generation children in the educational process, linking their psychological characteristics, widespread computerization and traditional school. The purpose of this article is to analyze the possibilities of integration of the following positions into learning process: use of gadgets in the learning process; distribution of cognitive resources of the child in the process of completing tasks; evaluation of the child’s activities; implementation of non-standard learning; development of communication skills among primary school students; negative consequences of uncontrolled inclusion of digital materials in the educational process. The leading method for studying the problem is a pedagogical experiment. The essence of the experimental work was to use the worked out approaches to the alpha generation in the process of methodological training of future primary school teachers. The theoretical significance of the work was in the analysis of the literature on the designated problem and the identification of characteristics of children of a new generation. The practical worth of the article lies in the proposed variants of correlating the characteristic features of children of the alpha generation with the organization of the educational process.

Following the need of modern visual culture of society in the formation of highly qualified specialists, the use of a constructivist approach in higher education becomes relevant. Purpose of the article: to show the advantages of the constructivism concept in relation to the metaphysical concept of creating images in education. The constructivist approach creates in education rational, interdisciplinary and prerequisite conditions for the visually competent, artistic and aesthetic construction of models of cultural objects and the formation of the structure of the subject’s mechanisms in the construction of images. The following methods are used in the training construction of visual culture objects: moderate constructivism in the form of a geometric generalization of objects is realized in a complex of structural sign-symbolic elements of the visual language; radical constructivism manifests itself in conjunction with artistic interpretations. Interpretations of geometric structures images of objects are carried out in a system of stylistic features based on the principles of composition and artistic and aesthetic expressiveness. The results of the article can bring significant changes to the education of architects and designers, increasing their capabilities in building models of cultural objects. This is significant for the visual culture of society. The following conditions of the constructivist approach become theoretically and practically significant: regular updating of the content of teaching the constructive process is carried out in accordance with the internal conditions of students; creating an educational environment to provide students with universal means of constructing models common to a range of disciplines; organizing training design in two stages: the first stage develops the objective-spatial construction of models of conventionally recognizable objects; the second stage forms students’ constructive activity in the independent conceptual and artistic construction of objects of visual culture. The stages of training are designed on the basis of the laws of the formation of the personality mechanisms structure in future architects and designers.

It is noted that there is an actively growing demand in modern society for teaching English to students of non-linguistic universities of all levels (bachelor's, master's, postgraduate studies), which requires the development and implementation of new teaching methods and the development of professional competence of future specialists. The aim of the study is to consider the theoretical aspects of the terminological competence of undergraduates of non-linguistic areas of training for special purposes and to propose methods for its development on the example of undergraduate students of an engineering university. Terminological competence is considered as a certain level of knowing professional terminology in a certain field of activity for the purpose of acquiring and exchanging experience. On the basis of the theoretical study, it is found that the level of terminological competence development is due to the conscious desire of a specialist to operate with professional terminology, as well as to personal qualities that make it possible to purposefully use knowledge (cognitive component), available terminological information (information component), as well as analyze his/her own activities from the point of view of the adequacy and accuracy of terminology application for solving a specific professional task. The author worked out and described levels and indicators of the development of the terminological competence components and proposed directions and methods for the development of terminological competence of undergraduates of an engineering university, situations of using methods. It is noted that the use of different methods for developing the terminological competence of undergraduates of an engineering university in the process of learning English for special purposes allows us to solve a number of problems: expanding career opportunities, better understanding of technical documentation, participating in international projects, professionally communicating with international colleagues and clients, which contributes to more effective information exchange, problem solving and reaching agreement on projects, more opportunities for learning and self-development. It is concluded that the constant development of the terminological competence of undergraduates of an engineering university in the process of learning English for special purposes gives the future specialist a significant competitive advantage in the labor market, expands his professional horizons and opens up new opportunities for career growth and development.

The relevance of the study lies in the fact that the existing system of training designers in drawing does not provide high-quality training of students, the readiness of graduates for creative project activities suffers from this. The purpose of the article: to present a designed system of teaching academic drawing in design education, which allows us to provide modern professional training of designers in drawing. The methodology of the study is a systematic approach that makes it possible to see the pedagogical system in the process of teaching drawing and identify its main properties and characteristics. The research methods are the analysis of methodological works on the training of designers in drawing, pedagogical modeling and pedagogical experiment. As a result of the research, a model of the system of teaching drawing in design education has been developed, which allows us to increase the effectiveness of teaching. The model reveals its composition, structure and functional orientation. A program for managing the drawing teaching system has been compiled. The program assumes the transition of the system to the development mode under certain specified conditions. A set of special tasks has been compiled, which helps students effectively master the methodological principles of working on the drawing by creating an effective system of their repetition, and tasks providing for the future project work of graduates. The conditions that should be taken into account when implementing the designed model of the system of teaching drawing are identified. These conditions are primarily related to the managerial impact on the existing system in the process of its transition to the developed one. The results of the study are ready for use in the educational process in the preparation of designers, they are applicable when planning the work of drawing departments to rationalize the goals, objectives and structure of scientific and methodological work.

The relevance of studying selection criteria to Master programs in Education is determined by the variety of admission models allowing to highlight the universities' educational priorities and requirements for future teachers. Selection criteria mirror the programs' academic content and are reflected in the professional life of the graduates, touching upon all levels of education. Requirements for admission to the master's program influence academic and extracurricular activities of undergraduates and play a role in choosing universities and programs for future education. The goal of the current study is to distinguish approaches to student selection for Master’s programs in Education at Russian universities. Five Master’s programs at Moscow State Pedagogical University, Moscow City University, Herzen State Pedagogical University, Saint Petersburg State University, and Higher School of Economics were chosen for examination. Such admissions office documents as admission rules and requirements, entrance exam programs, and lists of individual achievements were analyzed. Three assessment components – individual achievements, knowledge and skills, motivation – were distinguished and their weight in the total number of entree points was calculated. Collected data allow to conclude that there are two general approaches to applicant selection. The first, exam-centered one is employed by pedagogical universities and focused on subject and methodology knowledge evaluation, conducted in test or oral form. It is characterized by the leading role of exam results in student selection, individual achievements being of little weight, and the absence of the motivational component. This approach serves as an example of knowledge-based schooling in higher education. The second approach is holistic, with the main focus on individual achievements and skill evaluation and on the motivational component. It is implemented at multidisciplinary universities and follows the principles of competence-based schooling.

The development of soft skills is a priority in the modern era of mass communications. The presence of mass communication mechanisms: social networks, makes it possible to exchange information, teach, promote a personal brand and provide various services. These circumstances place significant demands on the availability of soft skills. Such requirements are valid for students not only of humanities, but also of engineering specialties since full provision of information about their activities will improve the position of the speaker and achieve consistently high communication skills. The concept of soft skills is quite broad and can be interpreted by students through the prism of everyday experience rather than academic experience. This circumstance can lead to an incorrect perception of the soft skills requirements that the industry and possible employers place on graduates of engineering universities. This study is aimed at identifying the level of awareness of engineering students about soft skills. Also, one of the goals of the study was to identify the role of teaching materials and the use of such materials by students in practice in assessing the main components of soft skills. As a research method, a survey method was used, which was aimed at identifying the most important components of soft skills in the opinion of students. Next, as a training component, we chose the TED talks resource, which clearly illustrates the successful use of soft skills. After studying the training material and group discussion, the students were given the task of preparing a public speech as a team. Soft-skills components from the training materials were selected as evaluation criteria. After completing the task, students were asked to take the survey again and adjust their assessments of the important components of the soft skills considering the experience gained. Data from the two surveys were analyzed and compared. The results of the study can contribute to the formation of soft skills and will improve the quality of the educational process for non-humanitarian students.

Currently, the value of experience has been accumulated in the use of interactive methods in university education. Their application in the first year is associated with a number of difficulties due to the different level of knowledge, skills and abilities acquired during the previous training, the change of its format, the lack of interpersonal relations formation. The study of the preparatory stage for interactive learning is relevant, during which the specified educational, adaptive and communicative tasks should be solved. The purpose of the article is to justify the necessity and study the process of preparing first–year students for interactive learning. The following research methods were used: systematic survey, interview and testing of students; pedagogical observation; statistical processing of results. It is found that traditional and active methods are effective at the initial stage of training, the use of which contributes to the formation of basic knowledge, skills and abilities necessary for their further development and improvement in an interactive format; gradual adaptation to university forms and methods of teaching, a new learning environment, which allows you to eliminate psycho-emotional discomfort. For the establishment of communication between the participants of the educational process, the optimal style of pedagogical communication is important, which should create the best conditions for the development of students' motivation and the creative nature of educational activities, provide a favorable emotional climate. The personality of the teacher is the main tool for the implementation of pedagogical activity. An effective means of establishing stable communicative relationships between students is working in small groups and using group interaction to study the material. Indicators of readiness for interactive learning are: the availability of knowledge, skills and abilities of their application to solving specific tasks; the active position of students during the educational process; the students' desire to perfect themselves in educational and social terms. The practical significance of the work is due to the methodologically competent design of the educational process in the context of the implementation of competence-oriented educational programs.

The relevance of the ecological sphere development in education is due to the increase in crisis phenomena in the natural environment, which has been going on for several decades despite the efforts of the international community to achieve harmonious coexistence of people and nature. We need to find and understand the reasons for such contradictions and gaps between the declaration of goals-ideals in interaction with nature and the real state of affairs. This necessitates a deep critical analysis of the past experience in organizing environmental education, identifying the causes of its inefficiency, as well as the best effective practices, the use of which should be disseminated in today's conditions. In this regard, the historical and pedagogical interpretation of environmental education issues acquires important scientific and socio-cultural significance. At the same time, there is a need to turn to the works already existing in this area, to identify researchers who are engaged in historical and pedagogical understanding of the issues of the formation and development of environmental education in Russia and in other countries. That is why the purpose of the article is to analyze the current state of scientific knowledge in the field of studying the historical and pedagogical aspects of environmental education, as well as to identify promising areas for further research of the past ecological and pedagogical experience. The tenets set forth in the works of leading Russian historians of pedagogy devoted to the characteristics of methodology and theory of historical and pedagogical knowledge (M.V. Boguslavsky, G.B. Kornetov) served as the methodological basis for this analysis). The analysis presented in the article resulted in identifying the characteristic features of the modern historical and pedagogical understanding of the issues of the formation and development of environmental education sphere, as well as in identifying areas relevant for further scientific research. The conclusions obtained as a result of the study complement the theory and methodology of environmental education and may be of interest for the development of eco-oriented historical and pedagogical knowledge.

Specialized training today is designed to solve a number of pressing and urgent problems, one of which is to increase the motivation of young people for future professional activity, the formation of key competences and practical skills necessary for its implementation. Career guidance and self-determination of schoolchildren seem to contribute to this but, as the practical work in specialized psychological and pedagogical classes shows, this is far from the real case. It is worth noting that career guidance and self-determination are focused on the elimination of particular problems, and are part of the overall work on the organization of specialized training, which, however, in our opinion, is much broader than it may seem at first glance. Therefore, the aspect of studying the system of education in specialized classes seems to us particularly important. This circumstance makes it possible to formulate the purpose of the article, which is to describe the model of teaching in specialized psychological and pedagogical classes. The system activity-oriented approach, as a fundamental principle of education, allows us to build an appropriate model of a teacher's activity in organizing training in classes of psychological and pedagogical orientation. The practical involvement of high school students in active pedagogical activity contributes to the formation of motivational, personal, behavioral spheres, as evidenced by their qualitative changes. The proposed training model differs significantly from the traditional vision of building a pre-professional education. The author's interpretation is based on an integrated approach that allows to reach all students through involvement in project, research, and practical activities. Schoolchildren already at the stage of special training try on the roles of educator, teacher, instructor, researcher. The theoretical significance of the article lies in the description of the model of training in specialized psychological and pedagogical classes; comparative analysis of approaches to the organization of pre-professional and vocational education in domestic and foreign practice; generalization of the modern system of specialized training. The practical significance of the article consists in substantiating the author's model of teaching in specialized psychological and pedagogical classes (the case of Yevpatoria schools), which will help both the authors and the scientific community deal in the future with issues of specializing to diversify the types and forms of involvement of the pedagogically interested generation in future professional activities.

В условиях усиливающейся глобализации развитие профессиональных знаний в области иностранного языка имеет решающее значение для студентов университетов, специализирующихся в области мировой экономики, однако существующий уровень преподавания часто оказывается недостаточным. Это подчеркивает необходимость специализированного обучения иностранным языкам, адаптированного к аутентичным условиям работы. Основной целью данной статьи является рассмотрение принципов и методик развития профессиональной иноязычной компетенции, оптимизированных для студентов, специализирующихся в области международного бизнеса, с учетом их будущих потребностей. Анализ проводится на основе прикладной лингвистики, дискурс-анализа и теории языкового образования. Основные подходы включают использование корпусного анализа и жанровых исследований для выявления целевого использования языка, применение оценки потребностей и компетентностной модели для разработки учебных программ, а также интеграцию реальных бизнес-задач и текстов для контекстуализации обучения. Выделяется многомерный набор компетенций, включающий в себя коммуникативную компетентность, аналитические способности, межкультурный опыт и стратегические навыки. Для вовлечения учащихся в практическую деятельность предлагаются активные проектные методики. Для обеспечения соответствия потребностям и подотчетности предлагается постоянная оценка программы. Такой подход, основанный на научных исследованиях, позволяет превратить обучение иностранным языкам в специализированную подготовку для глобальной бизнес-среды. Статья содержит ценные рекомендации по разработке учебных программ, методик преподавания и оценивания с учетом ключевых профессиональных языковых компетенций. Это может повысить результативность обучения и оптимизировать готовность выпускников к работе в поликультурной и многоязычной бизнес-среде. Необходимы дальнейшие прикладные исследования для совершенствования этой интегрированной системы путем анализа рабочих мест, педагогического контроля и отслеживания долгосрочных учебных результатов. Теоретическая значимость заключается в обобщении и расширении современного исследования принципов языкового образования, анализе потребностей и развития коммуникативной компетенции, предоставлении комплексной основы для разработки концепции оптимизированного обучения профессиональному языку. Практическая значимость заключается в предложении рекомендаций разработчикам учебных планов, координаторам программ и преподавателям, стремящимся улучшить результаты формирования языковых компетенций и подготовить выпускников к сложным требованиям глобализации профессиональной карьеры.

The significance of the problem refers to the demand for English writing skills among different specialists as well as for the ways of their effective development by means of increasing student engagement in learning process. Besides, insufficient coverage of the student writing engagement is noted. Consequently, the article aims at a full consideration of the concept of student engagement, its relation to motivation, as well as the description of its enhancement strategies when teaching English writing. The angle of the research is determined by the framework of the humanistic approach which takes into account students' interests, aspirations, expectations, therefore, the lessons are characterized by student centeredness and sustaining intrinsic motivation. The study is also carried out from the standpoint of the self-determination theory assuming that student involvement increases when the main students' psychological needs for autonomy, competence and relatedness are met. Also the tenets of sociocultural theory become relevant as they imply that learning happens in interaction with other people, where the exchange of ideas and discussion of the acquired knowledge matter. In addition, the work is based on the process approach to teaching writing. It comprises the following stages: prewriting, planning, writing of a first draft, its redrafting and revising, proofreading. The literature review made it possible to identify the components of student engagement such as: behavioral, emotional (affective), cognitive and social. The article provides the description of each component accompanied by a number of their development strategies. The theoretical significance of the research refers to a complex description of student engagement that expands the perspective on the motivation problem in teaching writing, as well as open up new opportunities for development and sustaining self-regulated learning in this field. The practical significance of the work lies in the fact that the findings can be used when designing programs in foreign language writing in different learning contexts taking into consideration the students' needs and goals. Implementation of the described strategies for increasing student engagement in teaching English writing lays the foundation for students’ positive attitude towards the learning process and fosters their motivation.

In recent years, the processes of education informatization are characterized by significant qualitative changes associated with artificial intelligence (AI) technologies. We are primarily considering neural networks that process graphic and text information. Their rapid development has already had a significant impact on the course of the educational process and will undoubtedly have an even greater impact in the near future. In this context, the authors present a study aimed at identifying the pedagogical potential of neural networks for image generation in relation to higher education. The objectives of the study are: to identify the specific aspects of the current level of neural networks development in relation to possible pedagogical applications; identifying the capabilities of neural networks for generating images that can be used to solve problems relevant to modern pedagogy; finding the main directions of neural networks application for image generation in the pedagogical process; analysis of the readiness degree of students, as subjects of the educational process, to work with this technology; identifying the level of students’ awareness of neural networks work, attitudes towards their use, identifying problems, identifying the most accessible and convenient neural networks for use in teaching, justifying the need to include work with such applications in the content of education. Based on a comprehensive review of domestic and foreign research works, a conclusion is made about the significant pedagogical potential of AI image generators and their leading pedagogical application – the generation of educational content. The capabilities of the main currently available AI image generators are analyzed – Kandinsky 2.1, Lexica art, Masterpiece, Dream by Wombo, Craiyon and Playground AI. Their functionality, capabilities and limitations are considered. The results of a survey of students who have experience of working with AI image generators are analyzed. Data is provided on what neural networks the students worked with, what the main directions of their use are, according to the respondents, what advantages and disadvantages neural networks have, and what difficulties the respondents encountered during the work. What seems significant is the conclusion that, according to the majority of respondents, artificial intelligence systems, and in particular AI image generators are preferable to use as a source of ideas for their own learning activities. The theoretical significance of the study is in the fact that the pedagogical potential of AI image generators in relation to higher education has been identified and a key area of their application has been found – the generation of educational content. The practical significance of the study is in identifying a set of factors to increase the efficiency of using AI image generators in higher education, including training of potential users (both students and teachers) in the interface, the basic principles of neural networks operation, as well as procedures for interacting with them. The main “danger area” in the use of artificial intelligence systems by students has also been identified – the desire to use them as a “source of ideas” and a mechanism for relieving this risk has been proposed, consisting of introducing competitive elements into the process of interaction between the student and the AI system.

The study of the English military-political discourse, which is not only a valuable source of information about the attitude to war, but a means of manipulation, seems to be most relevant in the context of modern information wars. The purpose of this study is to develop an approach to the analysis of the modern military and political discourse of the US leaders. Leading approaches to research problems. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study is the works of Russian and foreign researches in the field of discourse theory, institutional discourse, political discourse, military discourse. Main findings of the study. The analysis of the military-political discourse has shown that being a multidimensional communicative phenomenon, a military and political discourse is a means of implementing the military strategy of the United States. A specific feature of the US military-political discourse is the use of speech to influence the audience to make cognitive changes in their world view. When training future military specialists to perceive, process and extract information from foreign sources of a professional nature, attention should be paid not only to the linguistic aspects of military professional discourse, but also to the cognitive ones. The cognitive linguistic approach involves linguistic analysis of the text of speeches of military and political leaders, as well as critical analysis of discourse, consideration of pragmatics of speech acts, sociocultural circumstances of statements, which are particularly relevant to the current situation of information warfare. Theoretical and practical significance of the article. The present study formulates an approach to the interpretation of the modern military and political discourse of the USA, which can be implemented during the foreign language training of future specialists in the military and diplomatic fields, as well as in the training of translators / interpreters.

Digitalization of education has been relevant for the last 15-20 years. A new round in the development of this idea happened during the pandemic, when it was important to learn how to work (train and educate the younger generation) at a distance, without leaving their homes. Modern documents also reflect the need to use various Internet resources and digital tools in the framework of educational work with students, for example, in the "Strategy for the development of education in the Russian Federation for the period up to 2025". This problem is currently relevant, which is reflected by numerous studies in this area. The purpose of the study was to verify the statement that the implementation of some educational technologies would be more effective when using digital means, since virtual space is the same part of life as reality for the younger generation. The leading method is experimental work and methods of statistical processing of experimental data. As a result of the conducted research, the following conclusions can be drawn: digitalization of education is really an urgent problem of the educational process as a whole; work on the creation of digital content for the education of the younger generation is being carried out in many educational institutions, but in different directions; students are more willing to take part in virtual excursions than to go on real ones; motivation in learning the information that classmates have created independently is higher than the similar one proposed by the teacher. The theoretical significance of our research is presented by the analysis of the problem of using various digital tools in the framework of educational activities when working with students, substantiating the positive and negative aspects of using digital tools. The variants of application of some educational technologies (activity organization technology, goal setting technology) and methods (educational situation, persuasion method, example) in the digital aspect are also proposed. The practical significance of the research lies in the application of certain technologies and methods of education within the framework of digitalization of educational activity, which have shown their effectiveness (within the framework of our experiment) and can be used in the development of educational work programs.

Teaching the Russian language must necessarily have a communicative orientation, aimed at developing in students the ability to communicate with native speakers on a variety of topics, to participate in dialogue with each other, with teachers, and with native speakers. Studying interrogative sentences will help improve students' communication skills and develop their communicative competence. The purpose of the article was to identify ways to use interrogative sentences as a means of developing communicative competence among Chinese students. The article presents the results of a theoretical and methodological study based on methods of analysis of scientific and methodological literature, observation, comparison, systematization, as well as on the method of designing a system for using interrogative sentences in a communicatively oriented educational process. It is noted that interrogative sentences are an effective means of building a dialogue with an interlocutor, therefore they are important tools for developing communicative competence. Situations for addressing interrogative sentences and ways of using them in RFL classes have been identified. Interrogative sentences are an indispensable resource when working with additional authentic materials in Russian (movies, television, cartoons, etc.); when communicating with native speakers of the Russian language in a natural and artificial language environment; when getting acquainted with the rules of Russian etiquette; when students master such a form of educational work as an interview, etc. The RFL teacher, in the course of developing communicative competence among Chinese students, should draw the students’ attention to using them to express not only a question, but also a request. He/she must also take into account the cultural characteristics of Chinese students, which cause difficulties in developing their communication skills. The theoretical significance of the article lies in the formulation of the need for a systematic approach to practical use of Russian interrogative sentences by Chinese students. The practical significance lies in the selection of tasks for the use of interrogative sentences as a means of developing communicative competence in students.

In the era of teacher education transformation, associated with the need to ensure that the training of future teachers meets the requirements of industry 4.0, the interest of the educational community in the formation, assessment and development of digital competences of students in the main professional educational programs of the enlarged group "Education and Pedagogical Sciences" is natural. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the methodology of competence-based and situational approaches to assessing the digital competences of future teachers in the context of the transformation of teacher education. The objectives of the study are: 1. To substantiate the essence and specific features of the assessment of digital competences of future teachers based on competence-based and situational approaches. 2. To assess the level of formation of students’ digital competences based on the model of key competences of the digital economy and develop recommendations for improving the assessment of digital competences of future teachers. The leading research methods were: pedagogical modeling of the assessment of digital competences; study of normative legal acts in the field of higher education; analysis of local acts of educational organizations in the field of digital competences assessment; survey methods. The study was conducted on the basis of the Vyatka State University. The experiment involved 104 students (II–IV courses) of bachelor's degree studies in the area of training "Pedagogical education". In general, the proposed approaches will make it possible to develop innovative solutions to improve the quality of teacher education in the context of its transformation. The research results obtained in the course of the study can be used by scientific and pedagogical workers of educational institutions of higher education, experts who provide an assessment of the digital competences of future teachers in the context of "blended" learning formats use, and also develop innovative solutions to improve the quality of teacher education in the context of its transformations.

The article discusses the current state and prospects for improving the process of training specialists in the system of higher music education of the PRC. The relevance of the research problem is determined by the need to resolve the problems and contradictions currently existing in the system of higher music education of the PRC on the basis of the application of conceptual tenets developed in modern Russian and Chinese pedagogy. The purpose of the study is to identify and characterize the possibilities of the principles of integrity and cultural conformity in improving the system of higher musical education in China. The peculiarity of the author's position presented in the article is that the improvement of the system of higher musical education of the People's Republic of China is considered in inseparable connection with the formation of the national musical and pedagogical piano school in China. The leading methodological approach, which made it possible to obtain the new scientific results presented in the article, is humanitarian-holistic, fully taking into account the specifics of humanitarian knowledge and considering education as a cultural phenomenon. As a result of the conducted research, the specific features of the application of the principles of integrity and cultural conformity in the system of higher musical education of the PRC are revealed. It is proved that the possibilities of the integrity principle in improving the system of higher musical education of the People's Republic of China consist in the optimal resolution of contradictions at the methodological, theoretical and methodological levels, achieving a balance between educational, didactic and developmental functions of the educational process. The possibilities of the principle of cultural conformity are realized primarily in the field of improving the content and means of professional training of musicians. The theoretical significance of the research results lies in the fact that they can become the basis for the development of an effective model for the training of musicians-performers and musicians-teachers, taking into account the cultural characteristics and educational traditions of the country. The practical significance of the research results is due to the possibility of their application in the educational process of music universities, music faculties of pedagogical universities in order to improve the process of professional training of specialists.

The focus of this article is a discussion of the current state of students’ social ideas about children with disabilities in the context of moral education. The purpose of the article is to show the results of an empirical study of students’ social ideas about children with disabilities in the context of moral education. The study sample consisted of 77 students of Petrozavodsk State University, of which 11 were representatives of the Institute of Pedagogy and Psychology (DPE) (Department of Primary Education), the Institute of Pedagogy and Psychology (IPP) (Department of Design) – 15, and the Institute of Physical Education, Sports and Tourism (IPESaT) – 51; sample distribution by gender: girls – 48 (62%), boys – 29 (38%). Based on the theory of social ideas, students’ essays on the following topics: “One day in the life of a child with a disability” (31 essays), “Life on the planet “Special people”” (18 essays), “A letter from a child with a disability to an adult” (28 essays) were analyzed. Students could choose the form of their work: essay, poem, creative writing, story. Based on the data obtained, the following conclusions were made: the priorities for choosing topics for essays are different among representatives of the sample depending on gender, course of study and area of training.

Studying the needs of personnel in an organization is a key factor in achieving high work motivation of personnel today. The article discusses various approaches to the concept of need, as well as the motivational process itself. They are widely used to understand and improve employee performance. The purpose of the article is to diagnose the dominant needs of personnel in an organization and their impact on the motivation to work. The results of the study can be used as a basis for improving motivation systems for personnel in commercial organizations.

Subjective well-being is one of the factors in the formation of a healthy person. Young people are of particular interest in the study of well-being. The article provides definitions, descriptions and approaches to studying the issue of subjective well-being. The authors discuss specific features of the youth period and factors influencing the structure and components of subjective well-being. The results of the study of students' subjective well-being are presented in the article. It is noted that the majority of students have a normal level of subjective well-being, with a high level of the social-normative component of well-being, but at the same time they have a low level of ego well-being.

The relevance of the chosen research topic is determined by the importance of developing and implementing a marketing strategy of the municipality aimed at creating a favorable image of the territory, ensuring the socio-economic development of the territory and meeting the needs of the population as much as possible. This article examines the theoretical aspects of evaluating the effectiveness of the marketing strategy implementation at a municipal level aimed at increasing the marketing potential of the territory. The purpose of the article is to examine approaches to the study of the marketing strategy of a municipality, the definition of its strategic goals, the specification of tasks, the consideration of various strategy concepts and the interrelationships of marketing elements. Also, the paper discusses various methods of analysis and evaluation of the marketing potential of the municipality, which will reveal its competitive advantages and ensure investment attractiveness. Based on the analysis of existing methods for assessing the marketing potential of a municipality, the need to work out an original approach to its assessment is justified.