№ 09 (September)

The relevance of this study is due to the urgent need to preserve and generalize the invaluable linguistic and didactic experience of past generations of domestic and foreign methodologists in a promising correlation with innovative approaches to teaching Russian as a foreign language. The search for the synergy of tradition and modernity is an urgent task of the scientific community in the face of an increased number of unscrupulous methods of teaching foreign languages, claiming "miraculous" results of their activity and making it difficult to make the right choice in favor of adequate and effective teaching methods. The purpose of the work is to analyze the history of the development of linguodidactic domestic and foreign experience in teaching Russian as a foreign language. One of the key epistemological aspects of the study includes the further development of the problems of cognitive-communicative interpretation of the linguodidactic space as linguistic and cultural integrity and value. The leading aspect of the study of the stated problem is a descriptive-explicative approach to the analysis of experimental methods of teaching the Russian language. An important point of work is the discovery of correlations between language and cultural modeling of metacultural knowledge, in other words, between linguistic and conceptual representation and analysis of material in line with the review of the audiovisual approach methods. The main results of the article include the reconstruction of elements of the linguistic and didactic picture of the world as part of the presentation of the key concepts of teaching Russian as a foreign language. The theoretical significance of the study is in the constructive synergy of the methodological prerequisites of traditional and experimental methods of teaching Russian as a foreign language, in the disclosure and multifunctional coverage of complex approaches to the study of material in this direction. The practical value of the work is due to the possibility of using the research results in the development of retraining courses for foreign language teachers.

In the context of growing global competition, there is an urgent need to train entrepreneurs capable of independent activity. The Third Generation Universities pay serious attention to students’ entrepreneurial competences formation and development regardless of their major. The purpose of the study is to analyze the formation of students’ entrepreneurial competences in the process of career-guidance project development and to find out their attitude towards entrepreneurship. The study is based on the project methodological approach. The research methods applied are theoretical analysis, generalization and systematization of scientific findings of foreign and Russian authors in the field of project work and entrepreneurial competences. The empirical base of the study includes the results of a group career-guidance project-based work of the students of Ryazan State University named after S. A. Yesenin majoring in tourism (43.03.02), as well as overt observation, online survey, reflexive narrative essays. The results of the study confirm students’ significant interest in entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial competences development. The data received show students’ active intention to acquire and develop entrepreneurial competences, readiness for creative work, desire to create real commercial products in order to increase the attractiveness of the university for domestic and foreign students. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the identification of students’ attitude towards entrepreneurial competences while working on career-guidance project and analysis of their entrepreneurial potential. The practical significance lies in the possibility of using the obtained data to develop entrepreneurial competences of students majoring in various fields at the university. In the process of career-guided project development students majoring in tourism acquire entrepreneurial competences, implement their creativity, practice teamwork and time management. As a trend for further research, preparation of projects scientific supervisors is to be scientifically substantiated. Their task is to specify the aims and objectives of the projects, to consult the students leaving it up to them to lead the projects.

The vocational education system is going through a period of dynamic development. The implementation of the Federal State Educational Standard for vocational education is associated with the adoption of a competence-based approach, in accordance with which acquiring competences becomes the main criterion for assessing the preparedness of graduates. The introduction of digital technologies into all areas of work dictates the need to find new approaches to training specialists who are ready to work using digital technologies and equipment. The relevance of the research topic from the perspective of the development of pedagogical science and solving practical problems of education is determined by working out an effective model for developing the readiness of student veterinarians for professional activities in modern conditions, identifying criteria and levels of its formation. The aim of the work is to develop a model for forming the readiness of veterinary students for professional activities in the conditions of digital transformation of agricultural education. Systemic, activity-based and competency-based approaches form the methodological basis of the research. The key idea of the author's model is that the process of forming readiness for professional activity should correspond to the logic of the development of the proposed criteria. Students move from reproductive to partially productive, and then to a productive level in the process of professional training. This transition is possible in the context of dual training, which allows using modern digital veterinary equipment, for example, to solve educational situational tasks that duplicate the professional functions of veterinarians when working in clinics and enterprises. The theoretical significance of the article lies in enriching ideas about the content and technologies used in the training of future veterinarians in the context of digital transformation. The results of the study expand the understanding of modern models for formation of students' readiness for professional activity in college. The practical significance of the study lies in the development of online courses in the field of veterinary medicine, implemented on the platform “Digital College of the Moscow Region”, used in the educational process of the Volokolamsk Agrarian College “Kholmogorka”. The scientific novelty of the study lies in updating ideas about the professional readiness of future veterinarians, taking into account the digital transformation of agricultural education, highlighting the composition and structure of criteria, as well as the conditions for this readiness’ formation.

In the education of architects and designers, there is a contradiction between a professional focus on constructivism and a naturalistic approach to the image. Optimization of the educational process becomes relevant. The aim of the article: to explore the advantages of constructing images of objects based on scientific knowledge and constructive methods, as opposed to sensationalism. The constructivist approach becomes principal in the theoretical study of the problem of optimizing education. The results of the study of scientific sources determined a system of interdisciplinary conditions for optimizing graphic activity. The content of learning is optimized in the knowledge of relationships, the study of objects and the construction of spatial or artistic structures, forms and methods: systemic geometric constructivism leads students to adaptation in the algorithmic construction of generalized models – it is used when incorporating scientific concepts of perspective into the sign-symbolic means of visual language; possible artistic and interpretive constructivism allows the student’s personality to self-actualize – it is used to identify the content of images and style structures, the spatial structure of the shape of objects is preserved in this process. The research method is used in searching for relationships between parts of a composition. The results of the article bring significant changes in the education of architects and designers, in improving visual literacy and artistic and aesthetic culture of the picture. The theoretical and practical significance of the article is determined by the conditions for optimizing education: the use of the sign-symbolic method of making images, in contrast to relying on sensory perception, does not cause psychophysical determinations, and contributes to the learning of all students with different intellectual styles of cognition; the teacher as a facilitator provides regulatory visualization of generalized knowledge and conducts discussions in interactive learning – collective methods of stimulating and activating students’ independent understanding of the concepts of constructing object models; the teacher also uses individual methods of collaboration with students and their consultation; the constructive potential of visual perception and systemic thinking as higher cognitive processes is formed in problem-based learning of students with changes in the content, methods and structure of the educational process at different stages.

One of the urgent problems in the field of education is the preparation of class teachers to resolve educational situations. The relevance of this problem is explained by the changes taking place in the education system, such as the introduction of a cycle of extracurricular activities "Talking about important things"; the return of socially useful work in schools; the creation of the all-Russian social state movement of children and youth "Movement of the First", etc. The introduction of these transformations contributes to the emergence of new educational situations for teachers. The issue of determining the list of educational situations relevant to the class teacher requires special attention. The purpose of the study is to form a bank of educational situations relevant to the class teacher which require training to resolve them. The process of forming a bank of educational situations includes solving the following tasks: 1. To specify the role of the educational situation in ensuring the effectiveness of educational work in a general education organization. 2. To develop a tool that makes it possible in a dialogue with educational organizations to identify a bank of educational situations relevant to the class teacher. 3. To create a bank of educational situations relevant to the class teacher and analyze it. The article presents empirical data from a survey of teachers in order to determine the educational situations relevant to them. The presented analysis of the results of ranking the proposed educational situations made it possible to identify the most problematic situations that require special attention and additional training of class teachers. The theoretical significance of the article lies in the substantiation of the possibility of applying the method of group expert assessments to develop a tool that allows forming a bank of educational situations relevant to the class teacher; in the revealed distribution of educational situations by groups, within a group, by respondents living in settlements of various sizes. The practical significance of the research results lies in the possibility of applying the research results in the design and analysis of work programs for general education organizations, to improve the skills of class teachers. The article will be useful for teachers and specialists dealing with issues of educational work, for the preparation of class teachers and student teachers for educational work.

The network form of educational programs is becoming increasingly popular, especially in regional universities, as it allows to open new programs in the interests of the region's economy and significantly improve the quality of education by attracting professors from top universities and using the resource base of specialized enterprises. The mechanisms for implementing network programs are defined in sufficient detail in federal regulatory documents, but there are “gaps” in issues of quality assessment. Today there is no normatively established methodology for assessing the quality of network programs; the scientific literature presents the authors’ approaches to the problem, but they, as a rule, consider individual aspects, most often in the field of resource provision. Therefore, the problem of constructing a system for assessing the quality of network programs considered in the article is relevant. The purpose of the study is to develop a model of an internal system for assessing the quality of a network educational program based on a qualimetric approach. The qualimetric approach combines well with network technology, since the latter is considered precisely as a tool for improving the quality of education. As a result of the study, a model of a network program quality assessment system was proposed, built on the basis of the Shewhart-Deming “PDCA” cycle. The model includes four main stages, at each of which the quality of three generalized indicators is assessed: the quality of network interaction, the quality of the educational program and resource provision, and the quality of student training. To monitor the quality of a network program during implementation, a hierarchical three-level system of quality indicators has been developed, a scale and methodology for their evaluation have been defined, including a formula for calculating a comprehensive indicator of program quality and a scale for interpreting the obtained values. The proposed methodology was tested on the network program of the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics of Smolensk State University. The results of the study can be used by educational organizations when developing their own systems for internal assessment of the quality of network educational programs, as well as local regulations governing the implementation of such programs. The results of the study are scientifically novel, as they represent the author's original concept of a comprehensive assessment of the quality of a network program based on a qualimetric approach. The theoretical significance of the study lies in the development of a dynamic iterative model for evaluating the quality of a network program, which can be used in further research on this issue. The practical significance is determined by the prospects of using the developed system of indicators and methods of their determination in building an internal quality assessment system and developing local regulations of an educational organization.

The process of traditional spiritual and moral values formation among cadets of educational organizations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia is rapidly improved with innovative forms of education. The spiritual and moral upbringing of young police officers is an important preventive tool that allows them to acquire professionally important qualities of police officers and ensures the protection of society from negative informational and psychological effects. The article examines the specifics of the formation of spiritual and moral values among police cadets, shows the relevance of this area of educational work. The current approaches to improving work with the personnel of cadet units are revealed. A detailed and systematic analysis of domestic and foreign literature on the topic of the work has been made. The purpose of the study is to reveal the prospects of using modern information technology tools to form the value-conceptual sphere of personalities of cadets in educational organizations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. To solve the research problem, the questionnaire method was used, supplemented by a combination of techniques: interviewing, pedagogical discussion, method of studying and generalizing pedagogical experience. The results of the article are to enrich the methodology of pedagogical science with understanding of the effectiveness of basic information technology tools for the formation of spiritual and moral values among police officers. The theoretical significance of the article consists in updating and substantiating the methodological foundations of the use of modern information technology tools for the formation of spiritual and moral values among cadets of educational organizations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. The understanding of the importance of the spiritual and moral education of police officers in modern conditions of digitalization and globalization has been expanded. The practical significance lies in the description of the methodological foundations of the use of modern information technology tools for the formation of spiritual and moral values and the assessment of their effectiveness by leading teachers in the system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. The necessity of improving the system of spiritual and moral education of police officers with modern information and technical pedagogical means and methods is revealed.

The relevance of the article is due to the fact that AI technologies actively entering all spheres of the economy lead to the need to update the methodology of training competitive university graduates. Artificial intelligence becomes capable of solving more and more complex tasks. It is a significant factor of influence in the labour market. Therefore, the application of AI technology plays an increasingly important role in teaching foreign languages to students including public speaking. Presentation competence as the ability to effectively speak in public is one of the demanded competences of graduates of humanitarian majors. The aim of this article is to describe the approbation of the module of teaching students public speaking with the help of traditional approaches and AI technologies, as well as to analyze the obtained results. Approbation of the module "Teaching Public Speaking in Digital English Environment with the Application of AI-technologies" allowed obtaining the following results: positive dynamics of development of presentation competence in the aspects of logicality, coherence, and structure of the presentation, in its speech component (lexical and grammatical design of the speech, compliance with orthoepic norms and intonation) as well as in the visualization of the presented results. In addition, subjective evaluation of the participants of the experimental training revealed an increase in their motivation for oral presentations in a foreign language, a decrease in anxiety before public speaking and the formation of a positive emotional attitude to this type of communication. Scientific novelty consists in identifying theoretical and practical aspects of improving the effectiveness of formation of foreign-language presentation competence of humanitarian students, in clarifying the didactic and methodological principles underlying the teaching of public speech in the digital English-speaking environment, as well as in developing a methodology for the formation of presentation competence using AI technology and traditional methods of teaching. The theoretical significance of the study lies in analyzing the potential of AI tools for teaching public speaking and presentations, as well as in describing the algorithms of using them in the pedagogical process. Practical significance consists in presenting the results of approbation of the module within the discipline "Foreign Language". The author concludes about the effectiveness of including AI tools in teaching public speaking and presentations in a foreign language. The proposed module can also be recommended in the organisation of foreign language teaching for students of technical and natural science disciplines.

Test technologies are extremely widespread in the education system. Their large-scale application is primarily associated with the function of evaluating educational outcomes. In the current educational process, tests are actively used to accumulate grades and prepare for high-stakes exams. Other didactic potentials of test tasks are practically not considered. At the same time, domestic and foreign scientists, especially in recent decades, talk about the great pedagogical potential of test methods and recommend their widespread use for formative assessment, which allows you to receive quick feedback. Cognitive psychology has long proven the effect of testing, which is mainly associated with the work of memory: taking tests contributes to the long-term retention of information and knowledge. We proceed from the understanding that the areas of application of test methods with their numerous advantages, thanks to which tests have become so widely spread in educational practice, can be expanded up to the formation of creative abilities of students. The aim of the study was to clarify the didactic potential of the tasks in the test form and to determine the characteristics of the corresponding tasks. The methodological basis of the research was formed by the ideas of personality-oriented and activity-based approaches. As a result of the work carried out, a multidimensional comparative characteristic of tasks in the test form as learning tools and control means was given. We see an increase in the educational potential of tasks in the test form primarily in the direction of developing students' thinking (formation of systemic knowledge, skills to build speech utterances, give a detailed description of the studied object, apply logical techniques, work with different forms of information display) in parallel with the stimulation of their cognitive activity. In order to achieve the set didactic goals, promising models of tasks in a test form were identified. These are related tasks for additions, related tasks with the choice of an answer, related tasks for finding correlation, tasks for sequencing, tasks for eliminating unnecessary, related tasks with a matrix form of presenting a condition, tasks with choosing several correct answers, the number of which is not clearly defined, tasks with graphic elements in the content. The article provides examples of tasks based on the material of school and university chemistry courses. The theoretical significance of the study lies in the formulation of key questions about the application of the test method with learning objectives and in the detailed characterization of tasks in the test form in this context. The possibilities of various task models in stimulating the cognitive resources of students are proposed and characterized. The practical application of the proposed forms of test tasks in the current educational process will make it possible to diversify the profile of cognitive activity of students and increase the effectiveness of learning.

Currently, everything innovative very quickly becomes traditional, and traditional ways of solving problems are adapted to modern realities. Storytelling is an ancient skill that has evolved over the centuries and it has been updated by technology. In the educational process, stories occupy a special place, which researchers pay great attention to, but not all teachers use storytelling in teaching practice, due to the fact that a good story requires a creative approach. The aim of this article is to study and analyze the literature of domestic and foreign authors who study aspects of storytelling in various fields of activity, including education, as well as to identify storytelling methods and techniques in the professional training of future managers. The study used theoretical and empirical methods such as analysis and comparison. Analysis of the literature allowed us to consider storytelling techniques in different fields, from politics to the restaurant business. And in every field, storytelling is used for the same purposes – to convey information, form listeners’ opinions about a problem, and call for action. All these goals are related to the goals of education, according to which there is a need to identify methods and techniques of storytelling in education. As a result of the study, the main methods of storytelling in education were defined, which include “Hero’s path”, “False start”, “Main event”, “Similar ideas”, “Circles on the water”, “Sparkline”, “Petals”. Each of the listed techniques is applicable in teaching practice and can be adapted to any topic being studied. The pedagogical storytelling techniques include analogy, surprise, environment, anaphora and metaphor, emotionality and vivid elements. Moreover, these techniques can be used both in textual and oral storytelling. Based on the analysis, we can talk about the advantages of using storytelling in teaching practice. The theoretical significance of the study lies in the analysis of the works of domestic and foreign authors studying aspects of storytelling in various fields of activity, including education. The practical significance of the study is represented by the identification of techniques and methods of pedagogical storytelling, which can be adapted and applied in both theoretical and practical professional training of future managers.

In the modern world, economic and social processes have similar features, one of which is the direct impact of the results of scientific and technological progress (STP) on them. It is obvious that the educational sphere related to the economic and social spheres implies the mandatory implementation of the STP results in ensuring the educational process. The greatest effect is provided by the use of digital educational technologies, which are the result of stimulating the use of various digital communication channels in the educational process. These channels are implemented on the basis of educational programs prepared by educational organizations, in which training is conducted in a blended form, and part of the educational activity is implemented within the framework of distance learning (DL). At the same time, it is necessary to conduct a scientific study of the certain aspects that ensure the attractiveness of DL, since the issue of students' subjective attitude to the format and technical aspects of the educational process can be considered as one of the components that determine the effectiveness of modern educational activities implemented through the use of digital educational technologies. The above-mentioned points characterize the relevance of the conducted research and allow us to indicate as the accepted formulation of the aim of the study the need to study the opinions of full-time and part-time students majoring in the Humanities about the organization of DL and the alleged advantages and convenience of using information and digital tools in the educational process as separate technical aspects of DL organization. The theoretical significance of the study is determined by obtaining theoretical conclusions about the impact of the use of information and digital tools in the educational process in the organization of DL. The practical significance consists in studying the opinion of students about the advantages and convenience of using information and digital tools in the educational process when organizing DL. The novelty of the work consists in studying the impact that the particular technical aspects of the DL highlighted in the study have on its attractiveness to students. To collect opinions, a survey method was used on the technical aspects of education. Based on the results of the study, conclusions were drawn about the impact of some technical aspects of the DL on ensuring the attractiveness of the DL. The results of a survey of students of the KNRTU-KAI named after A.N. Tupolev (Kazan) were used as the basis for the study. On this basis, using a set of research methods, the research goal was achieved and the proposed hypothesis was verified.

Recently, Python programming has been introduced into the curricula for training specialists in many fields. This is due to the fact that the Python programming language has a wide range of options for use in various aspects (for example, it is convenient for web development, data analysis, writing scripts and games). Based on the analysis of practical activities, we can find that such a combination of options is not often needed by specialists in a particular field. Hence, there is a need to choose a priority when learning the Python programming language. The aim of the study is to examine the specific aspects of Python programming in the formation of students' digital competence. Scientific novelty: the necessity of choosing a priority direction of learning programming in Python for students of different areas of training is substantiated. The theoretical and practical significance lies in identifying the potential and characteristics of Python programming in the formation of digital competence among students of different areas of training. The presented article summarizes the experience and describes the results of a practical study aimed at justifying the specific aspects of teaching programming in Python to students of different areas of training. The criteria for the formation of digital competence of students who studied programming in 2020-2021 and in 2021-2022 academic years are given as the results of the control group. The results of the experimental group are considered to be the criteria for the formation of digital competence of students who studied programming in the 2022/2023 and 2023/2024 academic years. The conducted research has confirmed that teaching programming to students of different areas of training by choosing the priority direction of using the Python language is an effective means of forming their digital competence. The indicators of general cultural, general professional and professional competences are considered as criteria for the effectiveness of students' digital competence formation. The effectiveness of choosing a priority direction of programming in Python has been experimentally confirmed by the increase among the students of the experimental group of such professional indicators of students' digital competence as: the ability to apply theoretical knowledge and programming methods when working with non-standard professional tasks; the ability to select and use methods for complex solutions of professional tasks that have standard implementation conditions; the ability to work with HTML pages.

In the modern world, characterized by informational and political confrontation of ideologies, the preservation of civic identity becomes an important aspect for Russian society. The formation of civic identity among students occurs spontaneously in the conditions of digital space. in the current situation, the revision of pedagogical approaches to this problem becomes an urgent task. The formation of basic values among students in the learning process plays a key role in the formation of civic identity, and the disciplines of the humanitarian cluster play an important role in this process. The aim of this study is to identify the potential of the Humanities for the formation of civic identity among students. The research methodology is based on system-activity and personality-oriented approaches. The aim of the study was achieved through the application of theoretical and practical methods of scientific research, such as theoretical analysis, synthesis, questionnaire method and pedagogical experiment. The analysis of advanced pedagogical practices made it possible to identify the pedagogical conditions for the formation of students' civic identity in the process of studying the disciplines of the humanitarian cluster. The results of empirical data collection were analyzed and summarized in the course of the study. To confirm the reliability of the results obtained, criteria and level indicators of the civil identity formation were developed, which were verified using appropriate methods tested for validity. The theoretical analysis of scientific research has made it possible to clearly define the essence of the «civil identity» concept. Based on the analysis of advanced pedagogical practices, the conditions for the formation of civic identity in the process of studying the disciplines of the humanitarian cluster were identified. The results of the study made it possible to determine the educational potential of the disciplines of the humanitarian cluster in the formation of civic identity among students.

Currently, the formation of intercultural competence of students at professional non-linguistic colleges as part of studying a foreign language is becoming an important aspect in the development of the system of secondary vocational education. Intercultural competence is a key skill in the modern world, where the demand for a specialist depends not only on his professional qualities, but also on the ability to socially adapt through interaction with representatives of different cultures, partners and clients. In modern education, training must expand beyond narrow specialization and include a comprehensive approach to student development. The orientation of educational programs to the needs of industrial labor markets also involves the development of pedagogical conditions for the formation of intercultural competence within the framework of learning a foreign language. The aim of this study was to specify the content of intercultural competence of students at a non-linguistic vocational college. The implementation of this goal was carried out based on the provisions of the systemic, competency-based, personality-oriented approaches. The author used such methods of theoretical research as analysis of scientific pedagogical literature; terminological analysis; comparison, systematization and generalization of scientific views and ideas of modern domestic and foreign researchers. Despite the diversity of points of view of domestic and foreign researchers in determining the essence of the phenomenon under consideration, they all note the need to integrate the cultural context into the process of teaching foreign languages, which will allow future specialists and graduates of secondary vocational educational institutions to effectively interact with representatives of other cultures. As a result of the theoretical research, a definition of intercultural competence of students at non-linguistic secondary vocational educational institutions in the context of learning a foreign language was formulated. The development of this competence presupposes that students have specific knowledge, skills and abilities that allow them to successfully function in conditions of cultural diversity, find a common language with representatives of other cultures and build constructive interaction with them. As a result of the analysis of domestic and foreign scientific literature, the content of intercultural competence of students at a non-linguistic vocational college was determined. The theoretical significance of the study consists in clarifying the content of intercultural competence of students in secondary vocational education programs. The practical significance consists in verifying the directions for adjusting foreign language curricula taking into account the content of intercultural competence highlighted in this article. The scientific novelty consists in the fact that the author has identified and substantiated the structural components of the phenomenon under study, the focus on which in the process of developing foreign language curricula for students of a non-linguistic professional college will allow a systematic approach to the issue of developing intercultural competence.

The proposed article is devoted to the formation of grammatical skills in students of secondary schools when teaching English. At the same time, information technologies are considered as the key means of developing this skill. The relevance of the study is connected, on the one hand, with the general course towards the digitalization of school education, which is indicated in a number of program documents of the Ministry of Education, and on the other hand, with the objective productivity of information technologies, noted by a number of practicing teachers. In the methodology of teaching foreign languages, the skill acts as the top of the didactic pyramid of educational tasks. The grammatical skill acts as one of the most difficult to form. This work aims to develop and determine the effectiveness of a set of exercises using information technology to form grammatical skills when teaching a foreign language in a secondary school. The main method in the proposed study is the method of pedagogical experiment, which includes diagnostic, forming and control stages. In addition, the methods of testing, quantitative and qualitative analysis of its results are used. The study systematizes and analyses the works of domestic and foreign scientists, reflecting a wide range of ideas about the methodology of teaching foreign language grammar, the essence of information technologies, the specific features of their use in the educational process, which constitutes the theoretical significance of the work. The uniqueness of the study lies in the definition of the pedagogical problem and the proposed method of its solution. The analysis of the textbook of one of the educational-methodical complexes on English language from the point of view of work on grammatical material based on information technologies is made, the formation of grammatical skill among students of seventh grades of the basic school is diagnosed, the original set of exercises involving information technologies is developed and the effectiveness of its application in a particular group of schoolchildren is statistically substantiated. The practical significance of the work is connected with the possibility of using the developments proposed in it in the practice of teaching English in various educational institutions.

In spite of internationalization of education, English remains the language of international communication, especially in the field of science. A significant number of English-language publications in international journals on foreign language teaching methodologies contribute to the formation of a common conceptual basis in the professional community worldwide. The purpose of this article is to empirically identify the awareness of foreign language instructors at universities in Russia and China regarding widely spread methodological ideas in modern foreign language education and to determine the specifics of their practical implementation in national contexts. The analysis of literature identified the most common approaches and models of teaching foreign languages in universities in different countries. A survey of foreign language instructors from Russian and Chinese universities (60 respondents) was conducted in two stages. The aims of the survey were to determine whether instructors in Russia and China are familiar with modern approaches and models for teaching the subject and whether there is a national specificity in the application of pedagogical tools in practical classes. The research showed that instructors from both universities are familiar with leading models of foreign language instruction in universities and understand the common terminology used in the theory of teaching the subject. The most well-known and used model in both universities is ESP (English for Specific Purposes). Significant differences were found when analyzing the pedagogical tools, which only coincided in "interactive tasks" and "audio/video-based tasks." However, a step-by-step development of the application of theoretical principles in practice is required, as well as familiarizing foreign language instructors with the methodology of their implementation considering the local teaching context. It is also important to determine which theoretical positions of methodological research should be supported by more detailed practical developments and which aspects of the interaction between theory and its practical implementation should be emphasized when enhancing the qualifications of university foreign language instructors. The adaptation of pedagogical tools by instructors from both countries, taking into account both general theory and national contexts, will contribute to creating a comfortable educational environment for all participants in exchange programs.

The phenomenon of perfectionism is very common in modern society, which sets unrealistically high standards as benchmarks, while basic beliefs influence both behavior and activity of a person, forming the basis of his/her worldview. The aim of the article is to identify the peculiarities of the basic beliefs of students with different levels of perfectionism. The results of the empirical study of the characteristics of the basic beliefs of students with different levels of perfectionism are presented in the article. It is found that students with a high level of perfectionism are characterized by a significant underestimation of their own importance and the ability of controlling what happens, i. e. perfectionism fulfils the protective function of basic beliefs.

The paper presents an analysis of data on the health status of students, according to which in the conditions of a modern university there is an increase in the number of students with signs of high anxiety and depression. The purpose of the work: to assess the severity of anxiety and depression in students of a transport university in the context of educational activities, to formulate recommendations for maintaining health. The results of the study allowed us to determine the factors affecting the health of students and to offer recommendations for preventing its disorders during the learning process.

The effectiveness of customs payments used by the state is determined by the indicators of its foreign economic activity. The purpose of this article is to assess the impact of customs duties on the volume of trade transactions in the Russian Federation for 2021-2023. The dynamics of trade turnover and export customs duties for the specified period were studied. It has been established that export duties are an indicator of the degree of state involvement in foreign economic activity. A reduction in the amounts of import and export customs duties administered by the Federal Customs Service of Russia into the federal budget revenues has been revealed. Based on the results obtained, the priority tasks of Russia's customs tariff policy for the medium term have been identified.

Germany is one of the leaders in the development of renewable energy among the EU countries. Natural features and the use of new technologies allow Germany to develop actively certain types of renewable energy in its federal states. The aim of the study is to assess the renewable energy sector in the northern and southern states of Germany. In this work, the regulatory framework for renewable energy was studied; an analysis of the energy potential of the northern and southern federal states of Germany was carried out. A conclusion has been formulated about the predominance of wind energy in the northern lands, and solar and hydropower in the southern lands; about the presence of a number of problems in the renewable energy development.