№ 05 (May)

The relevance of the presented research is conditioned by the need for high-quality professional training of pedagogical universities students, formation of meta-subject competences, ability to apply pedagogical knowledge and skills in practice in the conditions of new educational paradigm. At the same time, it is proposed to use completely the potential of innovative educational, transdisciplinary, multidisciplinary programs – minors, electives, effective forms and methods of pedagogical university students’ professional training. Thus, the purpose of the research is to study the content of artistic and pedagogical activity, during which it is possible to work out integrated, multidisciplinary programs – minors, electives, to use practice-oriented learning (identification of forms and methods aimed at the formation of meta-subject competences among students). The leading method in this case is a scientific research project, including various stages: strategic, research, design and constructing, aimed at the development of the ability to solve professional problems independently. In addition, the authors propose to use such methods as case-study, brainstorming (synectics), research projects, art-technologies, practice of creating a variety of art objects, infographics, forums, webinars, etc. in the newly developed integrated, multidisciplinary programs – which can influence the process of meta-subject competences formation, universal methods of action (meta-methods) in various fields of knowledge. The article introduces the educational product – minor «Signs and symbols of intercultural communication», which goal is to unite separate disciplines that would allow to expand knowledge in various fields (foreign language, fine arts), and its contents should provide students’ meta-subject competences formation contributing to the solution of creative, practical, professional, communicative tasks. In the preparation of the minor, the relationship between the iconic means with which social information is coded was substantiated. As a result of conducted from 2016 to the present day experimental research and experimental teaching, using practice-oriented training, effective methods of professional training for students of the pedagogical university, and also developed integrated programs – minors, electives, such as «Traditional art of the region», «Folk costume», we establish meta-subject competences and universal methods of action. The electives were tested and positive results concerning the formation of meta-subject competences were obtained. Practical use of practice-oriented training, effective methods of pedagogical university students’ professional training, as well as developed integrated programs – minors and electives allow us to mark the academic achievements of the pedagogical university students, who confirm their meta-subject competences by success at scientific student conferences at the municipal, regional and all-Russia levels. So, we can speak about improving the quality of the specialists’ training in a pedagogical university. The article is devoted to the problem of meta-subject competences formation in the conditions of new educational paradigm. The authors note, that when considering the issue of meta-subject competences formation among students of a pedagogical university in the conditions of new educational paradigm, it is the practice-oriented approach that is the most relevant and promising one. Hypothesis of our research: the process of high quality preparation of students at a pedagogical university aimed at formation of meta-subject competences will be more successful if new educational transdisciplinary, multidisciplinary programs – minors, electives are introduced in this process, and effective forms and methods are identified during the educational process. The conducted research showed that with this approach to teaching students of a pedagogical university, it becomes possible to develop the ability not only to perceive, assimilate information, but also to process it at a higher level, the ability to form meta-subject competences for their use in future professional practice. The authors confirmed the hypothesis of the research, where the meta-subject competences indicators depend on the specific educational environment and the conditions that this environment offers for the development of the individual.

Expansion of professional and business international communication, work with documentation in a foreign language, and the possibility of academic mobility necessitated enhancing the ability to enter multicultural business environment for students of engineering and construction training areas. The success of professional and business communication of students is determined to a large extent by the level of proficiency in the foreign language business communicative competence in the sphere of professional activity. The problem of achieving the required level of the foreign language business communicative competence for bachelors and specialists in the field of engineering and technology remains relevant. In the solution of this problem, the integration in the educational process of the electronic information and educational environment of the university is of particular importance. This determined the research aim: theoretical substantiation and practical implementation of the didactic system of establishing the foreign language business communicative competence in the field of professional activity in students of engineering and construction training areas using the electronic information and educational environment of the university, an experimental study of its effectiveness. The article examines the concepts of competence and competency, defines the foreign language business communicative competence in the sphere of professional activity, and analyzes the possibilities of the electronic information and educational environment of the university to build this competence. The authors designed a didactic system model for the building the foreign language business communicative competence in the sphere of professional activity for students of engineering and construction training areas using the electronic information and educational environment of the university. The didactic system is represented by a number of interrelated dynamic elements, organically integrated into the educational process of the university and allowing shifting the emphasis from management to the self-organizing activity of students. The results of experimental research are demonstrated; they showed that the level of the foreign language business communicative competence in the sphere of professional activity was improved as a result of use of the didactic system developed by the authors. The results of the research can be used in the process of professional-language training using the electronic information and educational environment of the university.

Today, the development of geometry and graphic competence requires geometry and graphic training to be fundamental. Its basis is geometry and graphic language but mastering it is not easy because of a poor knowledge of Geometry and Graphics that students get in high schools as well as considerable reduction of these subjects’ classroom hours at universities. This leads to a critical reduction in the volume of information on descriptive geometry and technical drawing that students get now. So, the opportunity of organizing the educational process to the level of productive and technical activities of students, corresponding to the level of development of modern design and engineering technologies decreases. The authors try to evaluate the modern condition of geometry and graphic training that serve as a basis for bachelor students’ geometry and graphic competence. Engineering and technology are in the focus. The authors make an attempt to correct the approaches for teaching the disciplines. As authors believe, the main task is to develop pedagogical interaction by forming geometry and graphic terminology and thesaurus with special pedagogical tools used for verbal and non-verbal training. The research describes the structure of geometry and graphic language. This language is the reflection of mental processes that transform engineering thought to concrete technological products and their production technologies. The article defines the most typical functions of drawing: graphic, informative, aesthetic, etc. It presents the levels of geometry and graphic language proficiency and the time limits to master the corresponding thesaurus for the students to use it in their learning and professional activity. The article presents a ten-point scale to evaluate technical language proficiency characterizing the activity of the learning process participants. The authors state that students are to take engineering competence development as a means for self-development. The success of the process depends on their intention to study the geometry and graphics-like disciplines. Thus, the geometry and graphic (engineering) competence is an important component of professional training. It is possible to develop the competence by advancing technologies for teaching graphic disciplines and writing didactic instructions aimed at liquidating gaps in high school knowledge of geometry and graphics. Besides the instructions will help to develop independent and creative work of students. One of the means to do it is to develop students’ awareness and motivation to study and master geometry and graphic language and engineering thesaurus that are the main professional tools for modern engineers.

The relevance of the study is due to the growth of interethnic conflicts in the regions of Russia. In the modern period of globalization, informatization, democratization, integration in Russia, the doors for interaction with the foreign cultural world community are opened. In this regard, there is a contradiction between the increase in the degree of multiculturalism in society and the preparedness of the individual for these changes. Therefore, multicultural education is increasingly becoming the focus of many scientific and political discussions, which has led to the fact that this phenomenon is an unchangeable characteristic of the contemporary world, including Russia. Research of foreign practice becomes relevant in the period of globalisation. The main goal of theoretical comparative research of polycultural education in schools of Russia and Canada is to identify prospects of polycultural education development in Russian secondary schools. The results of theoretical analysis of scientific pedagogical literature concerning methodology of comparative pedagogical researches are presented. It was discovered that pedagogical research has four levels of methodology. There are philosophical level, basic scientific level, specific scientific level, technological level. On a philosophical level, the basis of research of polycultural education is humanism idea. The main methodological problem of comparative research is the ratio of universality, singularity and secificity categories. On a basic scientific level we emphasise systematic approach as abasic one. Also common principles of the polycultural education research were emphasised. It was discovered on a specific scientific level that basic concept of the research is world educational space. Methodological principles are principle of development, principle of universal relation, principle of active personality, principle of variability, principle of coherence. Basic approaches are: cultural approach, complex approach, historical approach, axiological approach, quantitive and qualitative approaches, interdisciplinary approach. The methods are described on technological level: analysis, synthesis, comparison, compilation, theoretical analysis, comparative analysis, interview, survey and questionnaire.

The relevance of the presented research is due to the need to study the problem of preparing students for the formation of cognitive culture in the learning process. Technological preparation is an important component of modern schoolchildren education and upbringing, formation of cognitive culture among students. In the conditions of a democratic state development, one of the most urgent problems remains constant improvement of educational and cultural level of the people. That is why the task is so urgent today - to teach schoolchildren to learn, to acquire their knowledge independently, to navigate the flow of information. New programs of the general education school direct teachers toward the formation in students a set of interdisciplinary or general educational knowledge, skills and abilities that serve as the basis of the cognitive culture for each age group. The main approach, which was used to achieve this goal, is culturological one. The main method is problem method; in addition, visual, verbal and practical methods were used. The school curriculum was analyzed, and topics were identified, in which it was possible to introduce cognitive material for the formation of the cognitive culture. The main conditions for preparing students for the formation of cognitive culture in the process of teaching the subject were considered. The result of this research work is revealing of the basic methods and forms for maximizing the creative potential of students. The research problem consists in comprehension, theoretical substantiation of the effective pedagogical conditions that would contribute to the formation of students’ cognitive culture. The necessity of solving this problem, its urgency, determined the choice of the research topic: "Readiness of students for the formation of cognitive culture". The aim of the research is to substantiate theoretically the pedagogical conditions for the readiness to form among students cognitive culture. The object of the research is the process of forming the cognitive culture in schoolchildren. The subject of the study is the readiness of students to perceive cognitive culture. To solve these tasks, a set of research methods was used: analysis of philosophical, psychological and pedagogical scientific works, synthesis, systematization, classification, generalization.

The article presents a literary review of the problem of studying the speech semantic aspect peculiarities in hearing-impaired preschool children. Attention is drawn to the development of speech semantic aspect as a necessary condition for the comprehension of linguistic and speech material by hearing-impaired preschoolers. The relevance and importance of studying the semantic aspect of speech in preschool children with hearing impairments is noted.

The training of highly qualified personnel for internal affairs bodies is one of the most important tasks of Russian Internal Affairs Ministry educational organizations. One of the specialized disciplines in these institutions is "Fire training", the purpose of which is the formation of sustainable firearms skills. When studying the discipline, it is important not only to teach the cadet or student the methods and rules of shooting, but also to train them psychologically for the use of firearms in service. This element of learning is very difficult, since it presumes an individual approach to each student. The purpose of the work is to provide information about the factors that affect psychological condition of cadets and students when they are engaged in training firings. To achieve this purpose, they conducted a survey in Nizhny Novgorod Academy of the Russian Federation Internal Affairs Ministry, the results of which are presented in the article. In conclusion, specific features of cadets’ fire training are presented, based on the experience of Nizhny Novgorod Academy of the Russian Federation Internal Affairs Ministry.

The article analyzes one of the social problems of our time, which is the result of reforming the health care system and its transition to market relations. The sociological research conducted by the author made it possible, first, to evaluate the effectiveness of medical services in the market of Volgograd region from the position of the "consumer" (the patient) (in our case they were the elderly persons), and second, to consider the importance of medical centers in the process of maintaining life longevity of persons over 60 years of age.

The article is devoted to the analysis of recent novelties in the Federal law «About citizenship of the Russian Federation». The article studies the provisions of the amendments concerning the introduction of Oath upon the Russian Federation citizenship granting, revocation of citizenship granting, changes in the conditions for the Russian Federation citizenship granting to citizens of Ukraine. The authors draw conclusions on the novelties, noting their both positive and negative sides.

The article gives an example of priority public transport passing modeling at regulated crossroads. The authors note prospective directions of scientific research in the field of development of methods of granting a priority in traffic passing.

The article considers the views of the well-known Russian scientist K. A. Timiryazev on creative process of scientific cognition, definition of the role and importance of theoretical and applied science in society. Acting as a staunch supporter of the evolutionary approach, the scientist applies it to the human creative activity process explanation. Timiryazev defends the priority of pure science over applied fields. Not denying the huge role of applied fields, he noted that they should not and cannot be the goal of science. At the same time, scientific thought can exist only on condition of complete freedom. Popularization of science is of great importance, which makes it possible to achieve recognition and support of scientific research in society.

The article is devoted to the history of judicial power division theory development in Russia. The theory of powers division into legislative, executive and judicial ones became the basis for the formation of independent judiciary. The author describes the opinions of various scientists, those who supported this theory, and those who criticized it. Some problems in implementing the theory of powers division in the Soviet period are noted. It is concluded that after the implementation of modern judicial reform, the judiciary in Russia received an impulse to a new round of development and began to be consolidated as an influential power, independent of executive and legislative powers.

Various approaches to the definition of concepts "corporation" and "corporate act" are analyzed. At the same time, the authors give the classification of corporate acts types and show the specificity of legal technologies for their creation, change and denouncement, and consider factors that determine the quality of their creation and the effectiveness of corporate regulation.

The article is devoted to the study of ideology influence on the state of public administration. Offering his vision of ideals realization problem, the author separates the concepts of proper ideology and ideological immunity, defining the latter as an important component of state security and cultural sovereignty, and intelligentsia as the main bearer of the national idea.

The main provisions of the Russian Federation Supreme Court draft law about the introduction of the procedure for judicial reconciliation are analyzed, the provisions about this procedure are compared with the existing norms about mediation. The author raises questions about the need to expand the scope of mediation application and assesses the relevance of the proposed changes to the Civil Procedure Code of the Russian Federation. As a result, it is concluded that not all of the proposals can really prove to be effective, and some novelties must be revised.

Cultural tourism contributes not only to the economic development of the region, but also enhances mutual understanding between peoples. Vladivostok has an important role to play in Russia's new policy in Northeast Asia. With the granting to the city the status of a free port, the flow of tourists to Primorsky Krai from neighboring countries has significantly increased. The author considers the prospects for the development of the city as a center of cultural and educational tourism. The resource base of cultural and educational tourism, which contributes to the development of mass tourism, is considered. The analysis of the problems connected with mass tourism is presented.

Many companies in practice are faced with the need to submit to the tax office certain documents. The mechanism of interaction between tax authorities and taxpayers, written down in part one of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, provides that the latter, upon request, must submit all necessary documents at the exit or desk tax audit. Moreover, inspectors can demand documents from both the taxpayer and its contractors. The article discusses the main directions in which the taxpayer has a legitimate reason to reduce the tax burden.

The article describe fundraising as one of the most promising method of financial management in present-day Russia, aimed at the development of nonprofit organizations. The difference of fundraising from other similar financial management tools is considered. The main difficulties in the development of fundraising in Russia are highlighted and the main tendencies of its development are noted.

The article is devoted to the analysis of the linguistic features for creating retrospective and prospective images in the story «The solitaire» of American writer John Updike. The notion of polyreality is considered as a place in the fiction text where a combination of three temporary layers – the past, the present and the future – is actualized. The analysis of the story reveals the linguistic peculiarities of the presentation of events, facts, images, psychological condition that embraced the main character. The main focus is made on language with the help of which temporal shifts, segmentation of literary space and psycho-narration are formed.

This article is devoted to the characteristics of a written scientific medical text. A communicative-pragmatic approach is used for the analyses. The aim of the study is to determine the main linguistic and structural characteristics of a written scientific text for the correct and accurate information, which is presented to the addressee. The treatise is the first big scientific medical work, which has a written form and defines the initial canons for writing theoretical works in order to transfer previously acquired knowledge and experience. The constitutive characteristics of the modern written scientific text are defined as structure, genre affiliation, completeness, continuum, links in the text, interpretation, and pragmatics.

The article analyzes the meaning of composition in a portrait with a shoulder belt, including a compositional solution, a formal scheme, a sketch and generalization. The author considers the results of various formal composition schemes study, their influence on the initial and final result in painting a portrait.