№ 04 (April)

Pedagogical science has recently undergone significant changes associated with the restructuring not only the education system, but the entire socio-economic system. If yesterday the educational process required only traditional tools, such as printed textbooks, a school board, today they are replaced by modern information and communication technologies. Modern learning technologies should allow students to use resources and educational experience anywhere in the world, starting with their own communities, including the Internet. These opportunities create conditions for all schoolchildren development, giving them a higher level of access to high-quality teaching materials, knowledge, personalized learning and planning tools for their future education. Such conditions may also give teachers the possibilities to use blended learning for their students, to rethink when, where and how students would deal with different components of the learning process. It is very important to test the interdisciplinary technologies of school education, improving the components of the educational process, taking into account the current educational standards and characterizing the features of the target audience, which now has access to various channels for acquiring knowledge. Blended learning is a combination of traditional forms of classroom learning with elements of online learning complementing and supporting the learning environment. Thus, the purpose of the article is to describe the interdisciplinary technology of blended learning in school education. The authors of the article determine the methodological aspects of blended technology implementation in school education programs. The leading approach in this case is modeling the methodological system of learning in general and additional school education with the inclusion of blended learning interdisciplinary technology in it. As a result of the study, the authors of the article differentiated the basic models of blended learning, the components of the blended learning environment (time, place, way or pace of learning), the types of blended learning integration, the key effects from the introduction of blended learning. The theoretical significance of the article is explained by the contribution to the development of scientific ideas about interdisciplinary learning technology aimed at matching new knowledge to the level of pupil's abilities development. Practical use of this technology makes it possible to organize the step-by-step introduction of the interdisciplinary technology of blended learning into the work of a general education organization.

The relevance of this research is due to the fact that, despite the active discussion of the students’ soft skills development problem in domestic and foreign literature, the level of their development is very low. Modern graduates quickly lose their value on labor market, because a certain set of skills (hard skills) acquired during the years of education becomes out of date and soft skills are underdeveloped and, as a result, they become incompetent on the modern labor market. The term «soft skills» is one of the hits of the dynamically changing world. The purpose of the article is to study the main determinants of the students’ soft skills development. The article presents a content analysis of the «soft skills» concept that ensures the integrity of the term perception and its content, and its possible use in the communication sphere. Today, in the world of «clip-making opportunities» and integration in the system of psychological and pedagogical assessments of the individual abilities, «soft» skills are divided into four groups: basic communication skills or communicative literacy, self-management skills, effective thinking or intellectual thinking skills, management skills or foresight management. The soft-skills development is considered to be a constructive cooperation in the communication sphere, in which the so called co-existent identification of the internal potential appears. Co-knowledge, co-experience and co-creation represent a three-sided model of such cooperative form of interaction. The article describes these forms, the key rules of the selected determinants, the technology of making an individual development plan in the communication sphere (the program of goals, steps and activities needed for this), the main methods of the soft skills development. The development of soft skills is a personal motive of every person and it depends only on him to what extent his personal qualities would help him to make a successful professional career, to determine his efficiency in the professional competitive environment. Studies of this kind contribute to the development of new educational approaches aimed at the students’ soft skills development at any level of education. In addition, they make it possible to comprehend the possibility of applying the described theoretical issues to practice.

The relevance of the study is due to changes in the requirements for the training of primary school teachers. A modern teacher should not only teach the child to learn, but also be able to solve the problems of education independently and creatively. One of the modern education problems is inadequate level of the ability to work with information among primary school students, comprehend it properly, concentrate on priorities, objectively evaluate their own and others' point of view. All these skills are included in the requirements of the federal state educational standard of primary general education. The search for ways to prepare the teacher for the development of critical thinking among junior schoolchildren puts forward the problem of forming the readiness of the future primary school teacher to use the technology of developing critical thinking through reading and writing, as this technology has in its arsenal various forms, methods and techniques that allow the teacher to be as flexible as possible in each learning situation. It should also be noted that this technology allows for training based on principles of cooperation, co-planning and comprehension. The main goal of the study is to identify the level of future primary school teachers’ readiness for using the technology of developing critical thinking through reading and writing. The leading method of this research was the analysis of the diagnostic techniques results, questionnaires and tests conducted among the graduates of «Pedagogical Education» training of «Primary Education and Informatics» specialty. The research was carried out on the basis of the determined components of readiness to use the technology of critical thinking development through reading and writing (motivational, cognitive, activity and reflexive). For each component, a set of methods and techniques was selected. The analysis of the data showed that the majority of students have a low level of the studied readiness, which indicates the urgency of further researching this problem. The theoretical significance of the article is in analyzing approaches to defining concepts of "pedagogical technology", "readiness for professional and pedagogical activity", as well as in defining the concept of "readiness to use the technology of critical thinking development through reading and writing" and determining its components. The practical importance is conditioned by the recommendations on the formation of future primary school teachers’ readiness to use the claimed technology. The article can be useful to researchers of students' readiness to use the technology of critical thinking development (graduate, post-graduate students), as well as to teachers and lecturers.

The relevance of the presented research is determined by the possibility of increasing the effectiveness of studying robotics within the framework of classes and extracurricular activities as well as additional education. Robotics has become widespread in recent years: a large number of robotics circles appeared, extracurricular classes are conducted, robotics is studied at the lessons of technology, informatics, physics, and a large number of competitions in robotics are held. Robotics itself is an integrated discipline, it presupposes the formation of skills in designing, modeling and constructing robotic devices, programming and testing, working with electronic devices, as well as presenting the results. With a clearly expressed practice-oriented nature, robotics fully complies with the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard, provides the formation of various types of universal learning activities (ULA) and contributes to the formation of various competences (including designing and researching). At the same time, the methodological aspects of educational robotics teaching are not sufficiently developed. Thus, the problem of research is determined by the contradiction between the widespread introduction of robotics into the life of modern society (and educational activity) and the inadequate elaboration of the methodology for studying robotics in order to establish key competencies for schoolchildren. The article presents methodological principles of studying robotics, which contribute to acquiring of independent research activity skills, as well as the ability to apply modern technologies to solving practical tasks. The materials of the article may be used by teachers of general education organizations and additional education organizations in preparation for classes in robotics (both in the classroom and after-school activities, in additional education); when analyzing the methods of teaching robotics; teachers of pedagogical universities for presentation to students studying the methods of teaching robotics; pedagogical workers of additional professional education institutions in the framework of preparation for advanced training courses in the methodology of teaching robotics.

The relevance of this research is caused by the fact that nowadays there are no common methods and criteria to estimate meta-subject skills of teenagers. There are lists of universal learning activities (ULA) for primary schools, some methods have been developed and approved, some results have been analyzed and systematized, but the same process in secondary schools has just been started. At the same time, we should remember that developing and estimating of meta-subject skills in secondary school must be organized according to other rules, taking into account some special psychological features of teenagers. The age of adolescence causes some peculiarities in the process of cognition, communication, coordination of activities, self-understanding as a person and looking for one’s own place in the world. Everything should be considered to assess teenagers’ universal learning activities. The main methods of the research are studying the information about meta-subject skills assessment, analyzing the results of all-Russia, regional and school tests on ULA formation, and possibilities of their use in writing ULA development program. In this article we analyze methods of teenagers’ ULA assessment, we determine different ways of assessing them, we describe some technologies of distant educational projects in detail, we discuss ULA classification and some criteria of assessing them. We review the results of other research done on different basic and regional innovative platforms of Kirov Region Institute of Education Development, these results demonstrate the level of teenagers’ universal learning activities formation. According to this analysis, the article shows the possibilities of distant educational projects technology use for the assessment of teenagers’ ULA formation level. It can be useful to work out some programs of ULA development in educational organizations. It also may be used for teachers’ further professional education.

Modernization of national education system requires effective training of future professionals who will solve professionally-oriented tasks at a high intellectual level. One of the most important methods of increasing the efficiency of bachelors’ professional competencies formation is the use of information and communication technologies in the educational process. This emphasizes the urgency of the problem under study. The transition of society from post-industrial state to informational one requires fundamental changes in all spheres of this society, including those in higher education at the content level. Thus, the purpose of the research is the need to develop and implement in the educational process specific pedagogical innovations, techniques and tools that take into account the society demands and the requirements that employers impose on a bachelor. In the experimental part of our research, we implemented information and communication technology tools in the educational process of future lawyers. The leading approach to the study of the problem was the competence approach, in which the stages of economic competence formation and development at the first level of higher education of lawyers were considered. The article presents the analysis of the future lawyers’ professional cycle subjects and economically oriented topics in them, by studying which the process of developing the competence, we are interested in, is going on. The development of the competence takes place throughout the learning process, which we divided into: indicative, informational, situational, practical, final correction. The main results of the article are given in the reflection of students in their relation to the study of professional disciplines before the start of training and after its completion, which shows the positive dynamics of the motivation indicators to the learning and self-education. As a result of the conducted research, we determined that the use of information and communication technologies contributes to more effective formation of students’ professional competences. The necessity of each discipline of the curriculum knowing for more complete and qualitative formation of economic competence among legal professional training bachelors is proved theoretically and practically. The article may be interesting to teachers of schools, secondary professional and vocational education institutions, graduate and post-graduate students.

The end of the twentieth century was marked in Russia by a rapid breakdown in the socio-cultural paradigm. Giving common ideology and official atheism up led the religious organizations of our state to the long-awaited freedom of activity, and citizens to real freedom of conscience. A natural consequence of this was the recognition of religious confessional education by Russian pedagogical science not only as a historical phenomenon, but also as an objective modern phenomenon. Thus, the long-term tendency to separate the secular component from the once unified structure of pedagogical science was replaced by a desire for interaction and mutual enrichment with religious confessional pedagogy. At the same time, it is necessary to admit the fact that there is great difference between the empirical reality existing in the sphere of education (the existence of confessional Sunday schools network, general and higher educational institutions, etc.) and its theoretical interpretation by pedagogical science. The religious pedagogy, called to cover the lacuna formed in the subject field of pedagogy, is just emerging as a structural unit of pedagogical science. Hence, the purpose of this article is to justify the need to develop on the basis of cultural and anthropological methodological approaches a confessional methodological approach in pedagogy that reflects the general and special features of educational systems and processes developed by traditional domestic faiths. The methodological base of the research was made up of both general scientific methodological approaches (systemic, comparative, paradigmatic, historical, ontological) and specific scientific methodological approaches: a culture studying approach that made it possible to correlate common, individual and special cultural phenomena, including religion and education; axiological approach, the use of which allowed us to consider value orientations as the most important elements of personality, orienting it in the world of material and spiritual culture and providing its motivation for behavior and activity. The definition of the concept "confessional methodological approach" is proposed. Character, key ideas, content and properties of confessional education allowed to determine the fundamental principles of the confessional methodological approach in pedagogy: the principle of strict following the confessional creed and affirmation in it of all subjects of the educational process; the principle of following confessional anthropology; the principle of cultural appropriateness; the principle of equal action of all social institutions participating in the confessional educational process; the principle of respect for freedom; the principle of upbringing priority over learning in a holistic, confessional educational process; the principle of harmonious interaction of rational and emotional bases. Development of the confessional methodological approach in pedagogy will allow to define more accurately the subject of a new structural unit of pedagogical science – confessional pedagogy. Along with this, it becomes possible to form objective criteria for determining secular / confessional principles of the educational process character, which is relevant in the context of the prospect of expanding the course "The Basics of Religious Cultures and Secular Ethics" in secondary schools from the first to the ninth grades. This will be an effective tool for state monitoring and regulation of the education.

The relevance of vocational guidance issue in the university is currently gaining in importance, this is due to the dynamically developing labor market and reforming of the higher education system in our country. The methods of vocational guidance work that are used for the most part need to be updated and optimized, due to the dynamically changing conditions of educational and professional environment. The purpose of the article is to demonstrate the results of monitoring the effectiveness of vocational guidance activities that are implemented in the schools of Nizhnevartovsk city in the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug – Yugra today. On the basis of the data obtained, the article presents the project «Vocational guidance: a new look at old problems», which will be implemented in the context of situational management and will increase the effectiveness of vocational guidance work in the university. The study of the problem was carried out through an analysis of world science and practice achievements, as well as empirical and sociological research. The results of the studies clearly demonstrated that Nizhnevartovsk schools use mainly collective forms of vocational guidance work. As the results of the survey showed, for the most part, there is no individual psychological or pedagogical support for high school students when they choose the vector of professional self-determination. The proposed modular project «Vocational guidance: a new look at old problems» will solve a number of problems in vocational guidance work, increase its effectiveness, and will also contribute to the formation of leadership and teamwork skills. The materials of the article may be interesting for higher and general education teachers, as well as for all those who are interested in the problems of vocational guidance.

The article presents an analysis of self-evaluation diagnostics in older adolescents (13-15 years old). Within the framework of the research, the model of psychological and pedagogical correction of self-evaluation in adolescents with a diagnosis of impaired mental function in conditions of inclusive education was developed, the results of diagnostics were generalized before the program implementation. The main goals, tasks and principles of drawing up a psycho-correctional program are outlined.

The article presents the ecological problems of urbanized territories, the main sources of urban pollution are considered. The author notes the methods of maintaining ecological balance for each of them and enumerates the main measures for restoring ecological balance on the example of Belgorod region.

The article deals with modern ideas about prosody in the perspective of different scientific positions. The main components of the prosodic side of speech are identified and revealed. The meaning of prosody in the communicative act is determined.

The article presents the results of an empirical study of manipulative tendencies in communication of a preschool child with adults and peers. It is shown that children of older preschool age, using methods of manipulation in communication, perceive their family situation as unfavorable. Parents of children-manipulators also have medium and high levels of propensity to manipulate. Of the two parents, mothers of preschool children are more susceptible to manipulation by children.

The article is devoted to the comparative analysis of humanism phenomena and consumer civilization against the background of contemporary global problems comprehension. The core of the research interest is the evolution of humanistic ideas and principles in European philosophy from the Renaissance to existentialism, as well as their transformation under the conditions of the modern social and cultural situation. The authors of the article demonstrate a multidisciplinary approach to the problem under study, using for its solution methods of philosophical, linguo-cognitive and sociological analysis.

The article is devoted to the psychological theory of law developed by the Russian scientist L.I. Petrazhitsky. Morality and law are correlated as different types of ethical phenomena. The author describes the opinions of various scientists, both of those who supported this theory and of those who criticized it. Various criteria for distinguishing law from non-legal phenomena are considered. It is concluded that L.I. Petrazhitsky opened new sides of morality and law relationship substantiation through this theory of law.

The paper describes the development of the international legal framework on the regulation of double taxation, and also analyzes the latest regulatory acts in this area. The author draws attention to the similarity of such mechanisms as the main objective test in international law and the main objective principle in the national law of Russia. At the same time, the text of the article contains arguments that indicate a fundamental difference in these concepts. In her arguments, the author relies not only on the theoretical works of other researchers, but also studies in detail judicial practice. As a conclusion, the thesis is advanced that the main objective test is a tougher instrument that is gradually implemented in the Russian national legal system.

The article examines legal and other aspects that contribute to the rapid development of business in Estonia. The article also compares Estonian legal institutions that promote business development with similar Russian institutions. In addition, the article contains a detailed description of Estonian state, identifies the features of economic development and the state structure of Estonia.

The article deals with the establishment of the mufti’s institution as religious elite representatives in political processes of the Kyrgyz Republic and various aspects of their participation in these processes. The period from independence obtaining until now is analyzed. The struggle for power among the religious elites of Kyrgyzstan acquired unattractive forms sometimes. It is proposed to consider the development of the mufti’s institute in a prism of four stages: " old school", "transit", " new generation / scandalous wave" and " state order". There is a need to work out a very balanced approach to the interaction of religious and administrative-political elites of the Kyrgyz Republic.

This article explores the peculiarities of medical workers’ labor legal regulation, which differ from the general rules established by labor legislation. The author comes to the conclusion that the labor of medical workers has sufficient specificity for the legal regulation of these peculiarities to be registered in a separate chapter of the RF Labor Code.

In this article, the author defines the main features of political cultures in Russia and Italy and makes their comparative analysis. Despite the fact that Russian and Italian societies belong to different civilizations and there are great differences in historical development of Russia and Italy, the comparative analysis revealed some common features and justifications were given to them. The experience of the political culture formation in modern Italy will be useful for the process of the consolidated political culture formation in modern Russian society.

The authors of this article reveal the essence and application of classical and specialized methods for analyzing the financial and economic activities of construction organizations in modern conditions with the aim of increasing their profitability, rate of return and attractiveness for investors.

The article reveals the factors influencing the formation of the population basic incomes. The authors note the indicators characteristic to the structure of the population with incomes below subsistence minimum. They present statistical analysis and estimate the level of population incomes during the long-term period of the study, as well as the level of real wages taking into account the inflation level and the US dollar rate.

The article describes the blockchain technology, discusses the peculiarities of its application, shows the possibilities of using blockchain-technologies in the financial sector, analyzes the main advantages and problems of using this technology in the financial sector, suggests ways to solve the existing problems.

Informational identification of food products is important for both consumers and catering enterprises, since the quality of produced culinary products depends on the quality of the incoming raw materials. The main identifiers are the name, composition, nutritional value of food products. Making informational identification of various ice cream types gives the possibility to use this product more effectively for preparing various desserts and drinks.

The author studies the essence of strategic management as a basis for the development of effective business. The key components of strategic management are identified. The components of the strategy, mission and goals are identified in the context of strategic management formation. It is proved that the most difficult stage of strategic management in business is the practical implementation of the strategy, since it is necessary to go through all levels of enterprise management correctly, which should be taken into account by the majority of its divisions.

The article is devoted to the main methods of evaluating the risks for small and medium-sized enterprises in agriculture. The authors considered four groups of risks faced by businessmen in their work and selected three effective methods of risk evaluation: economic-mathematical, expert and statistical.

The article is devoted to the evaluation of business activity state in agriculture of Zernograd district and to the main problems in this sphere. As a result of agricultural enterprises evaluation, the authors suggest some prospects for development.

The article examines the range of paintings of the second half of the XIX century united by their theme. Despite wide popularity of these paintings, so far, they have not been the subject of a special analysis. Author's attention is drawn to a certain strategy for representation of tea drinking, formed in Russian realistic painting. This strategy had no analogues in any other European art school: traditionally they turned to tea theme to represent ideas about comfort, family values and everyday joys. In the paintings of Russian artists of the second half of the XIX century, tea party turned into a story, that tells about social injustice. Refusal to fix the beauty and harmony of everyday life in order to achieve high social goals is considered in this article not as an artistic device, but rather as a way of reflecting national attitude to everyday human existence, as a significant feature of Russian mentality.

The article analyzes the features of the relationship between art and society. The author considers the art of the Soviet period. In those conditions, art was influenced by ideology. Particular attention is paid to art in modern society. The understanding of contemporary art depends on the interests and tastes of public. This is due to the development of aesthetic education.